Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Matthew 23:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:12:

  • Uma: “The people who make-high their hearts, the Lord God will lower them. And the people who make-low their hearts, the Lord God will make them high.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Whoever makes himself great will be put down/humbled, and whoever puts himself down will be made great.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And he who makes himself great, God will make him lower than all. And he who considers that any one of you is greater than he, God will make him to be greater than any one of you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The one who makes himself high/great, he will be put-low, but the one who humbles himself, he will be made-great.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For the one who exalts himself, he will be made low by God. And as for the humble, he will be made important.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because the person who tries to make himself go higher is the one who will go to the ground. But the person who says in his heart that he will put himself down to the ground, that is the person who will go high.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 23:13)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:13:

  • Uma: “‘And you, you religious teachers and Parisi people! You will get disaster! You are just good on the outside! People who want to be God’s people, you forbid them. You yourselves don’t want to be God’s people, and others who do want to be his people, you actually block their way.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘You are to be pitied, teachers of the religious law and Pariseo because God will punish you. You only pretend to follow God. You block-(the-way for) the people, so that they cannot follow to the (sphere of) ruling of God. You do not follow that way and you forbid yet those who want to follow that way.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Pity you, teachers of the law and you Pharisees, because your faith in God is a lie. For if there is a person who wants to give his breath to God our king, you do not allow him, and you do not also submit your breath to God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus continued saying, ‘Pitiful are you teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! Because it’s as-if you have closed the door where people would have entered to God’s ruling. You refuse to join his ruling while-simultaneously you interfere/sidetrack people who want to join.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Really extremely hard is what is being reserved for you, you explainers of law and Pariseo, who pretend to believe/obey God. For because of you, people are prevented from becoming subjects of the kingdom of God. Since you yourselves don’t want to become subjects of that kingdom of his, you are also preventing those who want to become subjects.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Listen, you teachers of the law and Pharisees, how great is the suffering you will have, for it is not true that you are good people. You block the way, not letting the people enter into the hand of God in heaven. Neither do you yourselves want to be in the hand of God. Concerning the people who want to be in the hand of God, you do not let them.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 23:14)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:14:

  • Uma: “[[‘Disaster on you, you religious teachers and Parisi people! You are just good on the outside! You deceive widows and [forcibly-]take their houses. And you pray long-long prayers so that those evil deeds of yours are concealed. Your punishment will be very heavy.]]” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “(‘You are to be pitied, teachers of the religious law and Pariseo for God will punish you. You only pretend to follow God. You cause difficulties to the widows so that you will get their houses and you make your worship long pretending that you are good people. Surely you will receive a great judgment in the hereafter.)” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Pity you, teachers of the law, and you Pharisees, because your faith in God is a lie. You cheat widow women so that you might come to own their houses, and your praying is long, which is a means of covering up the bad thing you did. Because of this, God’s punishment on you will be very great.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Pitiful are you teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! Because you deceive widows so that you will take their wealth and even their houses while-simultaneously you lengthen your prayers in the sight of the people. In-the-future indeed (prophetic formula) your punishment will be heavier!” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Really extremely hard is what is being reserved for you, you explainers of law and Pariseo. You pretend to believe/obey God. You exhaust the livelihood of widows through what you cause them to give. And because you want to cover up your evil natures/ways, you make your prayers long. That’s why much greater is the punishment which you will experience.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Listen, you teachers of the law and Pharisees, how great is the suffering you will have, for it is not true that you are good people. Because you take away the houses of widows. You deceive them saying that they will increase what they own. Yet in order to blind the eyes of the people, you pray very long. But now overflowing will be the punishment you pass through because of what you do.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 23:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:15:

  • Uma: “‘Disaster on you, you religious teachers and Parisi people! You are just good on the outside! You go far crossing the sea and journeying overland in order that at least one person becomes your follower. And when you have followers, you teach them to follow your deceiving [ways], with the result that their deeds are worse than yours, and they are more fit to be punished in hell than you are.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘You are to be pitied teachers of the religious law and Pariseo because God will punish you. You only pretend to follow God. You cross the sea going to other countries/places and you go far/walk far to teach so that at least one person will follow your teaching. But when he already follows, he is even more worthy to be put in hell than you because of what you taught him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Pity you, teachers of the law, and you Pharisees, because your faith in God is a lie. You cross the sea and you travel over a wide country so that you might convert a person, and the person you convert, you make him far more worthy than you of being punished in hell.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Pitiful are you teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! Because you cross-over the sea and go to far countries so that you will have a way to persuade even just-one to become your disciple. And when you have persuaded him, you turn-him-into a person more worthy to be punished in hell than yourselves!” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Really extremely hard is what is being reserved for you, you explainers of law and Pariseo, who pretend to believe/obey God. You go all over the land/world, you cross the sea, for you are persevering in rounding up even just one person who isn’t a Judio to join the belief of the Judio. Of course if/when you get someone to join, because of your teaching he will keep-on/overdo copying your evil nature/ways, till his wickedness is much greater. Well, none other will become of him than that his punishment is now double, there in the fire which never dies down.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Listen, you teachers of the law and Pharisees, how great is the suffering you will have, for it is not true that you are good people. All over the world you go, you cross the sea to search for people to follow the word you teach. When you have converted the person to follow what you teach, then the person ends up with twice the punishment in hell that you will have.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 23:16)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:16:

  • Uma: “‘Disaster on you! You are like blind people who want to lead-by-the-hand others. You teach like this: If there is a person who makes a promise and he swears mentioning/naming the House of God, you say he is not bound by his oath/swearing. But if he mentions the gold that is in the House of God, he is bound by his oath.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘You are to be pitied. You are like blind people leading their blind fellow-men. You teach, you say, ‘If a person swears and makes the big prayer-house/temple his witness, it is possible even if he does not fulfill it. (the promise/what he swore about) But if that is what he makes his witness the gold in the big prayer-house, it is not possible if he does not fulfill it/he has to fulfill it.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Pity you, because you are like a blind person who leads another blind person. You teach that if there is a person who makes a promise, and he calls upon the big worshipping place of God, it’s all right it he does not fulfill that promise. And you teach also that if the thing he falls upon is the gold in the worshipping place of God, it’s not all right if he does not fulfill that promise of his.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Pitiful are you! You are like blind-ones that are leading-the-way on a path. Because you are teaching that if someone takes the Temple as his witness, it isn’t sin if he doesn’t fulfill what he swore, but if it’s the gold in the Temple that he takes as his witness, it is necessary that he fulfill it.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Really serious is what is being reserved for you, you blind leaders-by-hand. You teach that even if a person making a promise mentions the Templo as the pledge/strength of his promise, it isn’t bad if he doesn’t fulfill it. But if what is mentioned by the one making a promise is the gold at the Templo, it’s necessary that he fulfill what he promised.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “All you who teach the word and you do not know the meaning of what you teach, how great is the suffering you will have. For you teach the people who call upon the church as a witness when they promise to do some word, then the person isn’t required to do according to what he promised. But the person who calls on the gold inside the church as witness, then you tell him that he must do according to what he said.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 23:17)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:17:

  • Uma: “How stupid you are, you are like blind people! Do you say/think that gold is more than the House of God! In fact it is the House of God that makes-holy the gold that is inside it.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You are foolish/wicked and blind. Which is the greater, the gold or the big prayer-house/temple? The gold is only holy because it is inside the temple/prayer-house.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You are stupid blind people because evidently you think that the gold is greater than the House of God. It cannot be. Because as for the gold, the reason it contains the power of God is because it is inside the House of God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “You blind-ones are too-much! It’s as if you have no mind/thoughts! What do-you-suppose is more-important? The gold or the Temple that causes-the gold -to-become holy?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “You blind (people)! Simple-minded/stupid ones! Which is much more important, that gold or the Templo which causes that gold at the Templo to be far-from-ordinary?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But it is because your hearts are foolish, you do not understand what is the meaning of what you say. Do you think that the gold is more important than the church which makes the gold holy?” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 23:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:18:

  • Uma: “You teach like this: If a person swears mentioning the sacrifice/offering burning table [altar] that is in the House of God, he is not bound by that oath. But if he mentions the sacrifice/offering that is burned on that table, you say he is bound by his oath.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You also teach, you say, ‘If a person swears and he makes the-place-for-sacrifice his witness, it is possible even if he does not fulfill it. But if that is what he makes his witness the sacrifice on the place for putting it, he has to fulfill it/it is not possible if he does not fulfill it.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now you teach also that if a person makes a promise, and if he calls on the altar of sacrifice in the House of God, it’s all right if he doesn’t fulfill his promise. But if the thing he calls on is the sacrifice that is placed on the altar, it’s not all right if he does not fulfill his promise.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “You also say that if someone swears and he takes the altar as his witness, it isn’t sin if he doesn’t fulfill what he swore, but if it is what was offered on the altar that he takes as a witness, he must fulfill it.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “You also say that even if the one making a promise mentions the altar (lit. burning-place) which is in the Templo, it isn’t bad even if he doesn’t fulfill it. But if what is mentioned is the thank-offering which is on this altar, it’s necessary that he fulfill what he promised.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Also you teach that the person who calls upon the altar, as witness for whatever word the person promises, then the person isn’t required to do what he said.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 23:19)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 23:19:

  • Uma: “You are really like blind people! Do you say/think that the offering is more than the offering burning table? No, for it is that table that makes-holy the offering on top of it.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You are very blind. Which is greater, the sacrifice or the place-for-putting the sacrifice? If the animal is not placed on the-place-for-putting sacrifices it is hep not a sacrifice.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You are very blinded. Evidently you think that the thing that is greatest is the sacrifice. It cannot be. Because the source of it’s having the power of God is the altar of sacrifice.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Your blindness is excessive! What do-you-suppose is more-important? The offering or the altar that causes-the offering -to-become holy?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “You really are blind! Which really is the most important? Is it the thank-offering which is burned, or the altar which makes this thank-offering far-from-ordinary?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But it is because your hearts are foolish, you do not understand what is the meaning of what you say. Do you think that the offering is more important than the altar which makes the offering holy?” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)