Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:31:

• Uma: “‘There was also a word long ago that said: If there is a man who divorces his wife, he must give her a letter of divorce.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
• Yakan: “‘There is also a teaching that says, ‘Whoever divorces his wife there shall be a writing which they sign/affix-fingerprint so that it is known that they are divorced.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
• Western Bukidnon Manobo: “It was also taught long ago that if there is a man who will divorce his spouse, it is necessary that he give her a notification which is proof of their divorce.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
• Kankanaey: “‘It was also commanded back-then that if there was a man who divorced his wife, it was necessary that he give her a writing that testified/confirmed that they had separated (i.e., divorced).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
• Tagbanwa: “There is teaching from the past which says, ‘If a man divorces his wife, he must give her a writing which is a sign that they are now divorced.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
• Tenango Otomi: “You have heart the word taught to the people in past days, that they were told: ‘Whoever wants to throw away (divorce) his wife must make out a paper of divorcement.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:32:

• Uma: “But I say: whoever divorces [lit., releases] his wife, but his wife did not do wrong behavior [sexual connotation], he sins, because the one who divorces causes [lit., carries] his wife to commit adultery, if she should marry again. And the man who marries another’s ex-spouse, he also is committing adultery.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
• Yakan: “But I, I say: when a man divorces his wife, and his wife has not committed adultery, the man is the reason for the adultery of the woman if she marries again. And whoever marries her commits adultery also.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
• Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But my teaching is: if a man that divorces his wife and she has not committed adultery against him, this man commits sin, for by means of this he is saying that his wife has committed adultery against him. And the man who marries that woman who was divorced by her husband, also sins.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
• Kankanaey: “But I say to you that the man who divorces his wife except if she committed-adultery (lit. manned-with), he causes-her-to-become an adulteress (lit. one who mans-with) if she marries again. The man also who marries a woman who has-been-divorced sins just the same by adultery (loan kamalala).'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
• Tagbanwa: “But now/today, I am the one saying to you (pl.) that a man has sinned who divorces his wife when she hasn’t been compromised/acted-immorally-with by another man. Of course he has sinned because he will have caused this wife of his to fall-into-sin(fig.) of immorality if she then marries someone else. And whoever marries this woman who has been divorced, he also will have committed immorality.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
• Tenango Otomi: “But I tell you that concerning a woman who is divorced by her husband, if she then marries another man, these two are committing sin. But it is the sin (fault) of the man who divorced the woman that this happens, because only a woman who has committed adultery can be divorced.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:33:

• Uma: “‘You also know that there is a command that was said to our (incl.) ancestors long ago that says: ‘Don’t retreat from your (sing.) promise or your (sing.) vow. What you (sing.) promised in front of God, you (sing.) must definitely do.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
• Yakan: “‘You have also heard about the teaching of the people of old, it says, ‘Do not swear if it is not true. And you shall fulfill it if you promise something before God (lit. in the hearing of God).'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
• Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You know also that which was taught long ago to our ancestors that if there is that which you promised to the Lord, it not possible that you do not fulfill it. You must fulfill it.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
• Kankanaey: “Jesus continued saying, ‘You have also heard what was commanded to our ancestors in the distant-past that it is necessary that they not break (as a law) what they have-sworn, but rather that they fulfill what they have sworn to the Lord God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
• Tagbanwa: “‘You (pl.) have also indeed heard that law of the past which says, ‘Don’t ignore/fail-to-act-on your (sing.) promise which you vowed, but on the contrary really fulfill what you promised to God.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
• Tenango Otomi: “You have heard the word taught to the old-time people in past days, that they were told: ‘ When you call upon God as a witness that you will truly do what you say, then it is very necessary that you do the word which you have promised to do.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:34:

• Uma: “But I say: don’t swear/make vows at all. If we (incl.) make a promise, don’t swear naming the sky or earth. Because the sky is the sitting-place of God and the earth is his stepping-place. Don’t swear naming the city of Yerusalem, because that is the city of God the big King.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
• Yakan: “But I, I say: if you promise anything do not swear calling on (lit. uttering) heaven, because there is the sitting place of God. Do not swear calling on the earth because this is the resting place of God’s feet. Do not swear calling on the city of Awrusalam because this is the city ruled/held by the Most Powerful King.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
• Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And I say to you, if there is that which you promise to anyone, don’t you swear saying that may heaven and earth where you stand collapse if what you say isn’t true, because heaven is where God sits and the earth is where his feet rest. And don’t you also say that may the town of Jerusalem be destroyed if what you say isn’t true, because that’s where the great king will live.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
• Kankanaey: “But I say to you that you are absolutely not to swear. Do not say, ‘Look you (sing.) heaven,’ (an expression used to call God, etc. as witness) because that is where-God -sits to rule.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
• Tagbanwa: “But now/today I am the one saying to you that you no longer make vows. Don’t say any more, ‘Heaven is my witness,’ for this heaven is like God’s seat in kingship.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
• Tenango Otomi: “But I tell you that you must not call upon God as a witness when you speak in order to reinforce your words. And concerning what is in heaven, do not call upon it for a witness, because there it is that God lives, it is as though you called upon him as a witness.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:35:

• Uma: “But I say: don’t swear/make vows at all. If we (incl.) make a promise, don’t swear naming the sky or earth. Because the sky is the sitting-place of God and the earth is his stepping-place. Don’t swear naming the city of Yerusalem, because that is the city of God the big King.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
• Yakan: “But I, I say: if you promise anything do not swear calling on (lit. uttering) heaven, because there is the sitting place of God. Do not swear calling on the earth because this is the resting place of God’s feet. Do not swear calling on the city of Awrusalam because this is the city ruled/held by the Most Powerful King.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
• Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And I say to you, if there is that which you promise to anyone, don’t you swear saying that may heaven and earth where you stand collapse if what you say isn’t true, because heaven is where God sits and the earth is where his feet rest. And don’t you also say that may the town of Jerusalem be destroyed if what you say isn’t true, because that’s where the great king will live.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
• Kankanaey: “Don’t moreover say, ‘Look you (sing.) earth,’ because that is where he stretches-out his legs, or ‘Look you (sing.) Jerusalem,’ because that’s the town of the high King.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
• Tagbanwa: “Or say, ‘The world is my witness,’ because this is like the stool of his feet. Also don’t say, ‘Jerusalem is my witness,’ because this is the city of the praiseworthy King.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
• Tenango Otomi: “Do not call upon earth as a witness because it is God who rules all the earth, it is as though you called upon him as a witness. Do not call upon the city of Jerusalem as a witness, because it is there God is the king, it is as though you called upon him as a witness.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:36:

• Uma: “Also do not swear naming our (incl.) head, because we (incl.) are not able to make our (incl.) hair white or black, not even just one hair.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
• Yakan: “Do not swear like for example you say, ‘May my head split if it is not true!’ because it is not you who made your body. Even one single hair of yours you cannot make grow black or white.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
• Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And even your head, if there is that which you will promise, don’t say may your hair turn white if you do not carry it out, for you have no power to make even one of your hairs turn white or turn black.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
• Kankanaey: “Even your heads, don’t swear-by them because you are not able to turn-white or turn-black even one hair.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
• Tagbanwa: “Yes indeed, it really is no longer possible/acceptable for you to say, ‘I swear it even if my head will be cut off,’ because there isn’t even one strand of hair on your head that you can make white or make black to sprout.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
• Tenango Otomi: “Do not say that you will forfeit your head if it is not true what you say. Because concerning your head, not even one of your hairs can make white nor black.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:37:

• Uma: “If it is our (incl.) intention to say yes, say ‘Yes.’ If it is our (incl.) intention to say no, also say ‘No.’ It is not good if we (incl.) strengthen our (incl.) word with an oath/swearing, because behavior like that appears from the King of Evil-ones.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
• Yakan: “Say simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. Whatever you add so that you will be believed, that is already from the leader of demons.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
• Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘Yes’ only, and if not that, then ‘No’ is what you say, because anything you say to substantiate your promises comes from Satan.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
• Kankanaey: “It’s-preferable if you only say ‘yes’ or ‘no’ not adding an oath. Because even whatever oath you add, it comes-from Satanas.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
• Tagbanwa: “What is good for you (pl.) to say is, if it’s yes, (then) yes. If no, no. That’s sufficient provided it’s the truth, because whatever you add in the way of a vow is evil, because Satanas is the source.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
• Tenango Otomi: “When you want to speak a word, straightly say whether you can do something or can’t do it. Because the person who is a companion of the devil, who isn’t believed in what he says, is the one who must look for witnesses for what he says.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:38:

• Uma: “‘You know the command long ago that says: ‘If there are people fighting, and one pries/gouges out the eye of the other or pulls out the teeth of the other, pry/gouge his eye out too, and pull out his teeth too.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
• Yakan: “‘You have heard this teaching, it says, ‘If a person destroys the eye of his companion, his eye shall also be destroyed, and if a person knocks out a tooth of his companion, his tooth shall also be knocked out.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
• Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You know also that which was taught long ago that if there is a person who inadvertently destroyed the eye of his companion, it can be that his eye also is destroyed. And if there is a person who inadvertently destroyed the tooth of his companion, it can be that his tooth will also be destroyed.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
• Kankanaey: “‘You have also heard what was commanded back-then saying, ‘An eye is the payment of an eye, a tooth for a tooth.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
• Tagbanwa: “‘You (pl.) have also heard this which was said in the law, ‘It is necessary to pass sentence which makes the same. If you (sing.) damaged your companion’s eye, that indeed is to be done to you. If you broke/knocked-out the tooth of someone else, your tooth is to be broken/knocked-out.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
• Tenango Otomi: “You have heard the word taught to the people in past days, that they were told: ‘Concerning the person who puts out the eye of his fellowman, he also must have his eye put out. Concerning the person who knocks out the teeth of his fellowman, he also must have his teeth knocked out.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)