Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Acts 18:28)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 18:28:

  • Uma: “Apolos exchanged words with the Yahudi people before [lit., in the eyes of] the people, and he defeated them, for his words were indeed tight [i.e., effective, convincing]. He read to them the contents of the Holy Book, and from the Holy Book he showed [lit., made-straight] that Yesus was the Redeemer King that God had promised.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “They were helped by him because he defeated in debate the Yahudi among many people/publicly. For the proofs which he brought-out from the holy-book were very strong that Isa was the Almasi, the one chosen by God to rule.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Because his reasons which he got from the written word of God that Jesus was the one chosen by God to be king were very strong. And by means of this, before many people he overcame the Jews who debated with him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because he was skilled in discussing-with the Jews with the people watching, and he defeated them by confirming from the word of God that Jesus was the Messiah.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Proof was, before the eyes and ears of everyone, he defeated all the arguments of the Jews for he was really testifying/proving through his explaining of the writings which are the word of God that Jesus truly is the Cristo, that Savior King who was promised by God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “He made it plain before all people that what the people of Israel were thinking was not good, so much so that they could not even figure out what to answer him. With God’s message he explained to them that Jesus was Christ whom they were waiting for.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Acts 19:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 19:1:

  • Uma: “While Apolos was in Korintus, Paulus traveled through the towns that were in the mountains in Little Asia, and then descended to the village of Efesus. There he met several followers of God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “While Apollos was there in Korinto, Paul travelled passing through the places in-the-countryside (diyata’) until he arrived in Epesus. There he met some disciples of Isa.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “While Apollos was still in Corinth, Paul was passing through the villages upstream from Ephesus, and he also went down to Ephesus. He found there some disciples of Jesus,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “While Apollos was still in Corinto, Pablo went to Efeso from Frigia walking-through the mountains. When he arrived there, there were disciples whom he came-upon,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When Apolos was there now in Corinto, Pablo, who had gone to those he had taught in Galatia and Frigia, then arrived in Efeso. When he arrived there, he saw/met some believers.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 19:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 19:2:

  • Uma: “He asked them: ‘Did you receive the Holy Spirit upon believing?’ They answered: ‘Not-yet [emphatic]! We(excl.) have never yet heard that there is that Holy Spirit.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “He asked them, he said, ‘Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you trusted in Isa Almasi?’ ‘No,’ they said, ‘we (excl.) have not even heard that there is a Holy Spirit.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “and he asked them, ‘When you believed in Jesus, were you inspired by the Holy Spirit?’ And they said ‘No, this is the first time we’ve even heard that there even was a Holy Spirit.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “and he inquired of them, ‘Did you receive the Holy Spirit upon your believing?’ ‘No, we (excl.) have heard nothing of what you (sing.) say is the Holy Spirit,’ they said.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “He asked them, ‘On your believing, were you then indwelt by the Espiritu Santo?’ They replied, ‘There’s nothing we can say. That’s the first time we’ve(excl.) heard of that Espiritu Santo you mentioned.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 19:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 19:3:

  • Uma: “Paulus asked further, he said: ‘In that case, you were baptized according to whose teaching?’ They answered: ‘According to the teaching of Yohanes the Baptist.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Paul said, ‘Na, what baptism/bathing were you baptized/bathed with?’ ‘The baptism/bathing taught by Yahiya,’ they said.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then Paul said, ‘What teaching did you follow when you were baptized?’ they said, ‘The teaching long ago of John the Baptist.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘If that is so, what then was the likeness of your being-baptized?’ Pablo said. ‘The way of baptism that Juan taught,’ they said.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “‘Well, if it’s like that,’ said Pablo, ‘what did you understand of your being baptized? What was its meaning?’ ‘Oh,’ they said, ‘what we (excl.) understood was like Juan was saying who was baptizing in the past.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 19:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 19:4:

  • Uma: “From there, Paulus said to them: ‘The baptism of Yohanes, it was a sign that we have repented from our sins. But while Yohanes was baptizing, he said to the Yahudi people that they must believe in the person who came after him, his name Yesus.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Paul said, ‘The baptism/bathing taught by Yahiya was the baptism/bathing of repentance. He bathed whoever was sorry-for and let-go of their sins. But he also told the people that they should trust in the one coming after him, meaning in Isa.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then Paul said again, ‘The baptism which John taught, that was a sign only of having done with bad doing. However, John also taught the people of Israel that it was necessary that they believe in the one who would replace him who was Jesus.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Pablo said, ‘What Juan taught (appreciation particle), he said that people must repent of their sins in order to then get-baptized. But he also said that they needed to believe in the one who would follow him who was Jesus.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Pablo answered them, saying, ‘That baptizing by Juan, it said that the person having himself baptized had repented of his sins. But isn’t it so that Juan was also teaching that we must believe-in/obey him who was coming after Juan? That one he meant was Jesus.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 19:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 19:5:

  • Uma: “When they heard that, they were baptized as/becoming followers of the Lord Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When they heard this, they were bathed as a sign that they belonged now to Isa.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when they heard these words of Paul, they were baptized so that it might be known that they were in fellowship with our Lord Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Upon their hearing that, they got-baptized again to make-known that Jesus was their Lord.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well, when those people heard, they had themselves baptized again as an indicator that they were now believers in the Lord Jesus.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 19:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 19:6:

  • Uma: “When Paulus placed-hands-on them, the Holy Spirit landed on those people, with the result that they spoke with languages that the Holy Spirit gave them, and they uttered words from God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then Paul laid his hands on them. Immediately the Holy Spirit entered them and they spoke already in different languages and they also made-known words of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Paul laid his hands on their heads, and they were inspired by the Holy Spirit, and surprisingly, they were able to talk in languages that they could not understand. And they told what God had caused them to understand.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Pablo laid-hands on them, and the Holy Spirit entered (them). After that they then spoke with different languages while-simultaneously they told what God caused-them -to-say.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When they had been baptized, Pablo prayed for them placing his hands on their head. Well, they were then indwelt by the Espiritu Santo. Proof was, they spoke in various different languages which they hadn’t studied and they told what was put in their minds by God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 19:7)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 19:7:

  • Uma: “Their number, was about twelve people.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “There were twelve of them in number.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “They were twelve men.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Their number, it was about twelve.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The number of those men was about twelve.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)