Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:16:
- Uma: “If the firstfruits [lit., first-born] of our crops we offer to God, it means that all our crops belong to God. If the roots are God’s, the branches are also God’s. The Jews can be compared to an olive [Indonesian: zaitun] tree that is tended. Its roots mean/stand-for the ancestors of the Jews that God had as his portion. Its branches mean/stand-for their descendants. Some of its branches were broken off by God. And in the breaking-off place he stuck on branches of an olive tree that was not tended, in order that those branches live and get richness from the root of the tended tree. Those branches that he stuck on are you, who are not Jews.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “I give an illustration/parable to you about the Yahudi. It is the custom of us (excl.) Yahudi, if/when we (excl.) make dough to make bread, we (excl.) take a handful to give to God. If that one handful belongs to God, that means all of the dough also belongs to him. Or the illustration/parable is a tree. If the root belongs to God, the branches also belong to God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And since Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the ancestors of the Jews, came to be owned by God, it’s not possible that their descendants also not become owned by God. If God owns the root of the tree, it’s necessary that He owns also the body.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “The Jews can-be-compared to bread. Because we know that if the first piece/hunk of bread is offered to God, the rest of the bread is also counted as belonging to God. Another thing-they -are-compared-to is a tree, because if its root was offered to God, its branches also belong to God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Abraham was the first of the Jews and he belongs to God. Also those Jews who are his descendants also belong to God. This Abraham is like a trunk of a tree. The Jews who are his descendants are like the branches. But all belong to God, all make up the tree.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “And if it is good a bit of dough, then it is good all of that dough. And if it is good the root of a tree, then are good the branches of the tree. And so it is with the Israelites; their fathers were good, so they themselves are good.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:18:
- Uma: “But your hearts must not be proud [high], relatives. Don’t disparage those Jews who were discarded. Remember! You are like a branch yourself, you get blessings from the root of the tended tree, it’s not the tree that get blessings from you.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “That’s why you (pl.), the not Yahudi, really don’t (imp) despise those branches which have been cut off, that means the Yahudi who do not believe. You cannot boast because you are figuratively the branch but they are figuratively the root and the root is not living because of the branch but the branch is living because of the root.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But it’s necessary that you not think that you are greater than the Jews for you are only branches also, and the nourishment of the branches come from the body of the tree, and the nourishment of the body does not come from the branches.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “But be careful not to look-down-on the original branches, because remember this: it is not you who are causing-the root -to-grow but rather it’s the root that is causing-you -to-grow.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “But you should not say that you are better than the Jews who separated from God. Remember that the branches live because they are connected with the trunk. It is not that the trunk is alive because of the branches.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “But even though that is who you are, don’t say that you are better, that the real branches aren’t as good. If you want to be proud, just remember that it isn’t you who is giving food to the root. Rather the root of the tree is feeding you.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:20:
- Uma: “That is indeed true, relatives. But remember: they were discarded because they did not believe. You were made-to-live because you believe. Don’t be proud [high of heart], just submit to God!” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “That is true. They were cut off because they did not trust Isa Almasi. But/and you are substituted in their place because you trust. Don’t be proud (lit. have a high liver). You ought to fear God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “It really is true that you are the ones who are replacing. However, the reason God removed the Jews is because they wouldn’t believe. And the reason He replaced them with you is because you, by contrast, believed. But in spite of the fact that this is true, you must not think that you are greater. But rather, carefully correct your behavior,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “That’s admittedly true, but remember that the reason they were cut-off is because they didn’t believe, while your being-joined is only because you believe. So don’t be proud (lit. make-high your bodies) but rather be-careful.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “The Jews are compared with the branches of the good tree that were broken off were put aside because they did not want to believe in Christ. But you are like another tree’s branches. And you were joined to the good tree because of your faith. Therefore do not be proud, be careful. If you do not take care you will be broken off.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “Okay, but they were cut off because they didn’t put their confidence in Jesus. And you were able to live hooked on there just because you put your confidence in Jesus. But don’t be proud. Rather, fear God.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:27:
- Uma: “This is my promise to them: At that time, I will forgive their sins.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “When that day arrives, I will remove all their sins as I have promised before.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when I take away their evil behavior, at last will be fulfilled my long ago promise to them,’ He said.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “And that will be the fulfillment of what I promised them that I would remove their sins.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “God said: Thus will be the agreement I make with them, that now I will clear their sins.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “And when I forgive their sins then I will fulfill the word that I agreed with my ancient men.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 11:28:
- Uma: “At this time the Jews are enemies of God, because they refuse to believe in the Good News. From there you non-Jews ended up being blessed. But even so, those Jews are still loved by God, because he chose them from long ago and he always remembers his promise to their ancestors.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “The Yahudi are the enemies of God now because they did not believe the good news. This not believing of theirs is (lit. goes-home mole’) for your good now. But from the beginning it was the Yahudi who were chosen by God in order to become his people. And God loves them yet because-of his promise to their ancestors.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now as for some of the Jews, they have become enemies of God because they would not believe the Good News. And because of this it was possible that you who were not Jews, were saved from punishment. But in spite of this, they are still precious in the breath of God because they are His chosen people, and because of His promise long ago to their ancestors.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “As concerns the Jews’ rejection of the good news, they are counted as God’s enemies, and that leads to your benefit. But as concerns God’s choosing them, he still loves them on account of plural Abraham who were their ancestors.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “The Jews who reject the good news become enemies of God. Therefore God sends the word to where live the people who are not Jews. But even so, God still loves the Jews. Because their ancestors are the chosen by God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “Some of the Israelites are God’s enemies now since they don’t put their confidence in the teaching about Christ. But because of this, you who aren’t Israelites can put your confidence in Christ. But the Israelites are the ones that God first chose. And he really loves them because of the word that he agreed with our ancient fathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 12:18:
- Uma: “If it is possible, we must exert effort to find a way to get along with all people.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “As far as you can, don’t really fight/quarrel with anyone, but you ought to be in-harmony with all people.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Do whatever you can do so that your situation is peaceful, and no one is angry with you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Do your best (lit. your ability) to get-along-with all people, if possible.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Search for how you can be friends with all people, inasmuch as you are able. Earnestly avoid quarreling.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “Do well in proportion as you are able to do well. Then you will be able to get on well with all people.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 13:1:
- Uma: “Every one of us must submit to government [lit., the governing-one(s)] that is over us. For the government doesn’t just happen to exist/be [lit., there is no government dry] if it doesn’t get its power from God. And the government that is, is determined [made-certain] by God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “All of us (incl.) human-beings, we (incl.) ought to/should obey the people who have authority to rule in our (incl.) land/place because no one is given authority if it is not from the will of God. And the ones who have authority to rule, God is the one who places them (lit. cause-to-sit).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “It is necessary that any one of us (incl.) submit ourselves to the rule of the government. For no one rules over the town if he is not permitted by God, and there is no government that God has not set up.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “All people, they must submit to (lit. cause-themselves-to-be-ruled-by) those who have authority in the government, because no one has-authority to rule if God does not permit it, and all who rule, God is the one who set-them-up.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Every person must obey the authorities. Because concerning all the authorities, God determined that there be their positions. There is not that the authority determines on his own that he has his position.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “It is necessary that all men obey chiefs. God has placed all chiefs and God had chosen all chiefs.” b(Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 13:7:
- Uma: “Give to all people what is appropriate to give them, whether it is tax or other payment. Submit to people whom it is appropriate to submit to. Honor people whom it is appropriate to honor.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Therefore pay what is right to be paid, land tax or any tax, and respect/treat-according-to-custom and honor the ones who rule your land/place.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And because of this, it’s necessary that we pay taxes and the other things that the government asks us to pay. And also let us respect the people in the government, and let’s show our great respect for their rank.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “So let us pay the various-kinds of taxes that we are obligated to pay while at-the-same-time we also properly respect those who rule us.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Concerning all to whom you owe, pay them. Those to whom you owe the taxes, pay your taxes. Respect those who have positions.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Isthmus Zapotec: “Pay everything (or everyone) you owe. Where you owe a hand (that is, a day’s work to help build a house, or town work) give it, and where you owe a tax pay it. Where you owe respect, give it, and where you owe esteem, give esteem.”
- Teutila Cuicatec: “All authorities who ask taxes of you, pay them, and all officials and authorities respect and love them.” (Source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
