Exegesis:
anastas de apo tēs sunagōgēs ‘after rising (and going away) from the synagogue.’ de marks transition to a new part of the story. For anistēmi cf. on 1.39. In anastas the basic meaning ‘to rise’ is weakened; in connexion with apo tēs sunagōgēs it assumes the meaning ‘to go away,’ or ‘to leave.’
eis tēn oikian Simōnos ‘into the house of a certain Simon,’ because of the omission of the article before Simōnos.
penthera de tou Simōnos ēn sunechomenē puretō megalō ‘Simon’s mother-in-law was suffering from a high fever.’ de introduces a new phase of the story. penthera also 12.53. puretos also v. 39.
sunechō ‘to press hard,’ ‘to hold in custody,’ ‘to distress,’ ‘to torment.’ In the passive ‘to be hard pressed,’ ‘to suffer.’
kai ērōtēsan auton peri autēs ‘and they asked him concerning her.’ The subject is not specified but may be taken to refer to the patient’s relatives. Both ērōtēsan and peri are used in a pregnant sense: the former in the sense of ‘asking for help,’ the latter of ‘on behalf of.’
Translation:
And he arose and left, preferably, ‘he left,’ ‘he went away from,’ or to bring out the introductory function of the clause, ‘on leaving,’ ‘after going-out from.’
Was ill with a high fever, or, ‘had/was having a high/severe fever.’ Luke does not say that the woman was lying down but this is implied in “she rose” (v. 39) and stated explicitly in some versions, e.g. Sranan Tongo, Kekchi. Fever, or a term derived from one of its symptoms, e.g. ‘hot illness’ (Balinese), ‘warm-cold illness’ (Javanese), ‘be-shaking’ (Tae’), ‘grabbing one’s head’ (Central Pame).
They besought him for her, or, ‘they asked him to help (or, heal) her, or, that he would-kindly help her (Balinese), that he come and help her’ (Sranan Tongo); or, ‘they asked (or, said to) him, “Please, do help/heal her!” .’ For to beseech cf. on 5.12.
Quoted with permission from Reiling, J. and Swellengrebel, J.L. A Handbook on the Gospel of Luke. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1971. For this and other handbooks for translators see here . Make sure to also consult the Handbook on the Gospel of Mark for parallel or similar verses.