And received the law of life may be rendered “God gave them the life-giving Law [or, the Law that leads to life].”

Which they did not keep may be translated “but they did not keep [or, obey] it.” The pronoun they refers to the ancestors of the people to whom Ezra is speaking.

Which you also have transgressed after them means that the people to whom Ezra is speaking also violated God’s Law. The pronoun them refers to their ancestors again.

An alternative model for this verse is:

• God gave them the life-giving Law. But they did not keep it, and you have not kept it either.

Quoted with permission from Bullard, Roger A. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on 1-2 Esdras. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2019. For this and other handbooks for translators see here.