Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Genesis 3:16)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:16:

  • Kankanaey: “God also said to the woman, ‘Your (sing.) hardships/sufferings will more-than-adequately increase-in-number, especially when you (sing.) give-birth, but you (sing.) will nevertheless desire/crave your (sing.) spouse and he will be-the-one-to-rule-over you (sing.).'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then to the woman he said — ‘I will increase your birth pains. Experiencing great pain, you will give birth to children, Yet, your desire will be attracted toward [your] husband. And he will keep you under [his] authority.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “He also said to the woman, ‘Because of what you (sing.) have-done, I will-increase your (sing.) suffering in pregnancy and your (sing.) pain in giving-birth. But in-spite-of that/[lit. on-the-other-side of that], you (sing.) will- still -desire your (sing.) husband, and he will-rule over you (sing.).'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Yahweh said to the woman, ‘You will have great pain when you give birth to children; you will suffer great pain as your children are being born. You will greatly desire your husband to show affection for you, but he will rule over you.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:17)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:17:

  • Kankanaey: “Then God said to the man, ‘Since you (sing.) believed/obeyed your (sing.) spouse and you (sing.) ate some of what I prohibited, the soil will-become-bad. You (sing.) must suffer/undergo-hardship to cultivate so-that there-will-be what-suffices for you (pl.) to eat until your (sing.) life has reached-the-end,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then he said to the man — ‘Because you listened to your wife and ate the fruit of that tree which I said not to eat, the ground will have to bear a curse. As long as you live you will eat by growing grain from it with great difficulty.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “He also said to the man, ‘Because you (sing.) listened to your (sing.) wife and ate the fruit of the tree which I prohibited you (sing.) (to eat), I will-curse the land. So throughout your (sing.) whole life you (sing.) will-labor very-hard/[lit. hard-hard] so you (sing.) can-eat.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Yahweh said to the man, ‘You heeded what your wife said, and you ate some of the fruit of the tree concerning which I commanded you saying, ‘Do not eat it.’ So I will make it difficult to grow things in the ground because of what you did. You will have to work hard as long as you live to produce things from the ground to eat.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:18:

  • Kankanaey: “because there-will-come-to-be thorns and all kinds of bad weeds and you will eat from plants that just grow.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “It will bear thorns and nettles for you. Nevertheless you will still get to eat grain and green vegetables.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “From the land will-grow thorny plants, and you (sing.) will-eat what have-been-planted in the field.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Thornbushes and thistle plants and other weeds will grow and prevent what you have planted from growing. And for food, you will have to eat things that just grow in your fields.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:19)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:19:

  • Kankanaey: “The truth-of-it-is, you (sing.) must sweat in working so-that there will be what you (pl.) will eat until you (sing.) return to the soil. Because you (sing.) came-from soil, and when you (sing.) die, soil just the same is what you (sing.) will-turn-into.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Until you join the earth [pass away in the earth] you will have to eat, streaming sweat and blood. For you have been made from earth. you are earth, and you will become earth.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (sing.) will-need to work/labor very-hard/[lit. hard-hard] so you (sing.) can-eat, until you (sing.) return to the land/soil/ground where you (sing.) came-from. Because you (sing.) came-from the soil/land/ground, so you (sing.) will- also- return to the soil/land/ground.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “All your life you will sweat as you work hard to produce food to eat. Then you will die, and your body will be buried in the ground. I made you from soil, so when you die and are buried your body will decay and become soil again.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:21)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:21:

  • Kankanaey: “When it was finished that he said that, he went and got animal skins and made (them) into clothing and caused- them -to-put-it-on. And Adan, he named his spouse Eva, because she was the original-source of all people.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “And the LORD God made clothes of skin for Adam and his wife, and clothed them.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then the LORD God made clothes from skins of animal(s) for Adan and his wife.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Yahweh God killed some animals and made clothes from their skins for Adam and his wife.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:22)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:22:

  • Kankanaey: “When that was so, God said in his thoughts, ‘The man and woman have become-similar to us, because they have come-to-know the good and the bad. Since that is what they did, I don’t-want that they also take some of the fruit of the tree that gives life. Because if that is what they eat, they will live forever.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “After that the LORD God said — ‘Now man has also become like us, knowing good and evil. He is not to get to eat the fruit of the tree of life, and he is also not to get to live forever.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then the LORD God said, ‘Now the man has-become like us (incl.) that knows what is good and evil/bad. He must not really/[intensifier] be-allowed to eat the fruit of the tree that gives life, because if he eats (it), he will-remain alive without end.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Yahweh said, ‘Look! Those two have become like us because they know what is good to do and what is evil to do. So now, it will not be good if they reach out and pick and eat some of the fruit from the tree which enables people who eat it to live forever!'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:23)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:23:

  • Kankanaey: “So God then caused- them -to leave the good land at Eden so-that they would go work the soil, because soil just the same is what God previously used-in-making the body of the man.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “So the LORD God cast the man out of the garden of Eden to cause them to do work in the earth that he had made for them.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “So the LORD God caused- him -to-leave from the garden of Eden to farm the soil/land from which he came-from.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “So Yahweh God expelled the man and his wife from the garden of Eden. Yahweh God had created Adam from the ground, but now he forced him to till that ground so that he could grow food to eat.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:24)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:24:

  • Kankanaey: “Then he sent fearsome guards from heaven so-that they would guard the entrance of the land at Eden that is located-toward the coming-out of the sun. He also placed-upright a flaming and revolving sword at the entrance, and that is what blocked the path that went to the tree that gives life so-that absolutely no one would approach.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “After God had cast out the man, He put a cherub and a blazing, burning sword, which was spinning all around, toward the east of Eden to watch the way toward the tree of life.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “After the man was-able-to-leave, the LORD God put kerubin/cherubims on the east side of the garden of Eden. And he also put a sword that was-flaming and spinning so-that nobody could-go-near to the tree that gives life.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “After Yahweh expelled them, on the east side of the garden he placed cherubim/creatures with wings and an angel holding a flaming sword which flashed back and forth. He did that in order to block the entrance to the garden, so that people could not go back to the tree that enables people who eat its fruit to live forever.” (Source: Translation for Translators)