Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Genesis 15:8)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 15:8:

  • Kankanaey: “‘Yes, Highest God,’ said Abram, ‘but where then will-be-my-means-of-knowing that I-will-come-to-possess-it?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Abram said — ‘[O] LORD God, how will I know that this place will be mine?'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But Abram said, ‘O LORD God, how will- I -know that I will-possess/acquire it?'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “But Abram replied, ‘Yahweh God, how can I know for sure that this land will belong to me?'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 15:9)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 15:9:

  • Kankanaey: “God then said to him, ‘Get a heifer cow and goat and a male sheep each three years old and two kinds of pigeons.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The LORD said — ‘Bring me a three-year old cow, a three-year old female goat, a three-year old sheep, one dove, and one baby pigeon.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The LORD replied, ‘Bring me here a heifer cow, a female-goat, and a male-sheep, that each one is three years of-age. And you (sing.) also bring one pigeon and one dove.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “God said to him, ‘Bring a three-year-old heifer and a three-year-old goat to me, and a dove and a pigeon.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 15:10)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 15:10:

  • Kankanaey: “And Abram got those and took (them) to God. Then he halved (technical term used in butchering) the bodies of the animals and arranged them in two lines parallel-to-each-other. But as for the bodies of the pigeons, he did not divide-them-in-two.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Abram brought [them] all. Then he cut them exactly in half making two pieces and laid them out right and left. The dove and the pigeon, however, he did not cut in half.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Therefore Abram brought all these to the LORD. Then Abram cut- (them) -in-two and arranged each half facing-each-other. Only the pigeon and the dove he did- not -cut-in-half.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “So Abram brought all of them and killed them and cut each of the animals in half. He arranged the halves of each one, side by side. But he did not cut the pigeon and dove in half.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 15:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 15:11:

  • Kankanaey: “When large birds then swooped-down to eat (unfulfilled expectation) the meat, he shooed-(them)-away.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “When vultures came down to eat the meat of the birds and beasts he had killed, Abram scared them away.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The birds who eat dead (things) roosted/landed on the cut-in-half animals, but Abram drove- them -away.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Birds that eat dead flesh came down to eat the carcasses, but Abram shooed them away.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 15:12)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 15:12:

  • Kankanaey: “When the sun then was going-out-of-sight, Abram fell-deeply-asleep with his sleep (not redundant) and fearful darkness surrounded (him).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “While the sun was setting, not being aware of anything, Abram fell asleep. And a very thick and frightening darkness covered him.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “As the sun was-about-to-set, Abram fell-into-a- deep -sleep and there was a great fear that came to him.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “As the sun was going down, Abram fell sound asleep, and suddenly everything around him became dark and frightening.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 15:13)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 15:13:

  • Kankanaey: “Then after-that God said to him, ‘Your (sing.) descendants will most certainly (prophetic formula) be-strangers in the country of different people so-that they will-be-enslaved to them and will-be-hardshipped until four hundred years go (by).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “And the LORD said to Abram — ‘Understand this — your descendants will have to live in a land as outsiders, and will have to live there 400 years being oppressed as male and female slaves.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then the LORD said to him, ‘Surely [intensifier] that your (sing.) descendants will-become strangers in another nation. They will-become slaves there and mistreated for [lit. inside of] 400 years.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then God said to Abram, ‘I want you to know that your descendants will become foreigners living in a land that does not belong to them. They will become slaves of the owners of that land. The owners of the land will mistreat them for 400 years.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 15:14)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 15:14:

  • Kankanaey: “Then I will punish the slave owners of them and your (sing.) descendants will depart from there taking-along many possessions.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “I will give punishment to the nation that makes them male and female slaves. And they will come out taking much wealth from there.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But I will-punish the nation that will-enslave them. Later/Afterwards your descendants will-leave that nation [linker] bringing much/[lit. many] wealth.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “But then I will punish the people of that country that made them become slaves, and then your descendants will leave that country, taking many possessions with them.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 15:15)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 15:15:

  • Kankanaey: “But it will nevertheless go to the fourth generation (lit. three-times of the offspring), then they will return to this country, so-that meanwhile the sinfulness of the Amorreo who inhabit here will-become-worse and it will-be-necessary that I punish them. That is what will happen to your (sing.) descendants, but as for you (sing.), you (sing.) will-become-very-old, then you (sing.) will die and they will bury you (sing.). Be-assured that (lit. reassurance/comfort particle) you (sing.) will not attain that difficulty,’ God said.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “You will just go with joy to live in the place of your ancestors. After you become a sufficiently old man, you will be buried.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But concerning you (sing.) Abram, I will-prolong your (sing.) life and you will-die in old-age with peace.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “But as for you, you will die peacefully when you are very old.” (Source: Translation for Translators)