Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Mark 1:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:3:

  • Uma: “‘He calls in the wilderness [lit., empty field], he says: ‘The Lord is almost come! Prepare ahead-of-time for him his road. Make-flat ahead-of-time the road that he will pass on.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “There is a person calling in the lonely place (wilderness). This is what he says: ‘Soon the Lord/Leader will come/arrive. Make the way smooth where he will pass! Make the way straight which he will follow!'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He will be in the land where people do not live. And there he will be heard by people who come out to meet him; he will say, ‘The Lord will soon arrive. Clear out the way he will go; straighten out the path he will walk on, which is to say get ready for his coming.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “He will shout/speak-in-a-loud-voice in the place that has no inhabitants saying, ‘Prepare where-the Lord who is coming -will-walk so that the path he-will-walk-on will be good.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “‘There is one calling out in the wilderness (lit. place where-one-could-starve), saying, ‘You (pl.) make a trail for the Lord/Chief. Make-direct and improve/make-properly this which he will walk on.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “This is the word of one calling where no house is: Arrange Owner God’s [Lord’s] path for him. Straighten his little paths.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
  • Balinese: “there is the voice of a man crying in the
    barren field thus: ‘Open up a way where the Lord will go, make straight his paths,'” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950 p. 75ff. )

complete verse (Mark 1:4)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:4:

  • Uma: “Like that which was written, Yohanes the Baptizer really did appear in the wilderness [lit., empty field]. He brought the Word of God to the people, he said: ‘Repent from your sins, and you must come here I will baptize so that God forgives your sins.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then, Yahiya came/arrived there in the lonely place. He was the one hep who bathed/baptized people when they already regretted and let-go of their sins. Yahiya proclaimed there to the people that whoever regrets and leaves/lets-go-of his evil doings, he should be bathed and God will forgive him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And this was fulfilled through John, the one titled Baptizer. For he was in the land where people do not live and he also preached to people. He said, ‘Give up your bad deeds and have yourselves baptized so that it might be known that you have given them up, and then God will forgive your sins,’ said John.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And that was fulfilled, because Juan the Baptizer appeared in the place that has no inhabitants, and he preached to those who went to listen. He said, ‘Repent of your sins and get-baptized so that God will forgive your sins.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “This was fulfilled when Juan emerged. He baptized in the wilderness place and taught, saying, ‘Repent/be-sorry-for and drop/give-up your (pl.) sins and have yourselves baptized as a testimony that you will now drop them, so that you will indeed be forgiven by God.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “John appeared. Having appeared, where no house is, he washed them [‘wash’ does not eliminate immersion]. He told them a word regarding being washed, having made the mind another, so that sin(s) be wiped away for them.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
  • Balinese: “There the whole country of Judea and all the inhabitants of the city of Jerusalem came out to meet Jokanan, and then they were baptized in the river Jarden, while they confessed their sins.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950 p. 75ff. )

complete verse (Mark 1:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:5:

  • Uma: “Many people went to the wilderness [empty field] wanting to hear Yohaness words. There were those from Yerusalem-town and from all the towns Yudea-land. They went to confess their sins, and he baptized them in the Jordan river, a sign of their having repented from their sins.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then many people from the many-places there in Yahudiya and from Awrusalam went to him. They confessed their sins and were baptized by Yahiya in the river/water Jordan.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The many people went after John. They came from the towns in all the province of Judea, and there were even people who came from the city of Jerusalem. And those people confessed their sins and were baptized by John in the river Jordan.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The inhabitants of Jerusalem and those-who-resided in all the towns in Judea were going to him. They were confessing their sins and then Juan would baptize them in the Jordan river.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The people really-all went to him from the towns in the district of Judea, including the taga Jerusalem. They were repenting of their sins and having themselves baptized by Juan in the river Jordan, testifying that they would now drop/give-up sin.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “Then all those of Judea land, all the Jerusalem people, they used to go to John. Then he washed them [‘wash’ does not eliminate immersion], at the Jordan stream, when they said: It is true. We have sinned.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
  • Balinese: “There the whole country of Judea and all the inhabitants of the city of Jerusalem came out to meet Jokanan, and then they were baptized in the river Jarden, while they confessed their sins.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950 p. 75ff. )

complete verse (Mark 1:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:6:

  • Uma: “Yohanes’ clothes were made of a domestic-animal called a camel. His belt was from leather. His food as grasshoppers and honey.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The clothes of Yahiya were woven camel’s hair and his belt was of leather (lit. cow hide). His food was locusts and honey.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now this John was shirted in cloth woven of camel’s hair and belted with dried skin. His food was locusts and honey.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Juan’s clothes were woven of camel hair and his belt was of rawhide. What-he-ate also was locusts and honey (lit. water) of the wild-bee.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The clothes of Juan were cloth made from the hair/fur of the kamelyo animal, and his belt was made from cow hide. Grasshoppers which are locusts and honey of bees were his food.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “Then John was dressed in camel fur, loin-tied with a skin belt, eating grasshoppers, drinking bee liquid.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
  • Balinese: “The clothes of Jokanan were made of camel’s hair, he had a belt of leather. his food was but locusts and honey of bees who shut out the sun [‘common expression for wild bees’]. ” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950 p. 75ff. )

complete verse (Mark 1:7)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:7:

  • Uma: “He spread this news: ‘After me will come one whose power is greater than me/mine. Even to kneel to undo his shoe I am not worthy.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And he proclaimed like this: ‘There is (someone),’ he said, ‘coming after me, (who is) more powerful than I. I am not even worthy to bend down to loosen the string of his shoes.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then John preached to the people saying, ‘There is a person coming who will take my place. That person is very much greater than I, because even to take off his shoes, I am not yet worthy to be his servant.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “He was telling the many-people, ‘There is someone greater (lit. higher) than I who is following-me. And because of this greatness of his, I am not worthy to even untie the laces of his shoes.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “He was always saying when he was teaching, ‘The one following me will come who is far superior to me. Even to undo the tie of his footwear to remove them is not possible/acceptable for me to do, for his greatness/importance it really very much.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “Then he told them a word: Back of me comes one surpassing me in strength. I am not equal, though I bend down, to untie his shoe string.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
  • Balinese: “Then he preached to the people as follows: ‘After me there comes one mightier than. Even to stoop down to loose the strings of His sandal I feel not fit at all.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950 p. 75ff. )

complete verse (Mark 1:8)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:8:

  • Uma: “I baptize you with water a sign that you have repented from your sins. But He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You are bathed by me with water but he, it is different what he bathes you with. He will send to you the Holy Spirit.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I baptize you with water, but that person who will take my place, what he will baptize you with is the Holy Spirit, which is to say, he will give you the Holy Spirit.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Water only is what I baptize-you -with, but as-for him, he will baptize you with the Ispirito Santo (Holy Spirit).'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Today/now I am baptizing you here in water, but as for him, the Espiritu Santo is what he will baptize you with.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “I have washed you merely with water. But he will wash you with the Spotless Spirit.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
  • Longuda: “I, I doing you baptism with water but he, coming he doing you baptism with Spirit Holy.” (An independent and repeated pronoun is used to signal emphasis — source: Bonnie Newman in Notes on Translation 57/1975, p. 2ff.)

complete verse (Mark 1:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:9:

  • Uma: “One day, Yesus left Nazaret-town in Galilea-land, he came and requested-to-be-baptized by Yohanes. Yohanes baptized him in the Yordan river.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then, at that time Isa arrived from Nasaret, a certain town there in the place/land Jalil. And he was bathed by Yahiya there in the river/water Jordan.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now at that time when John was baptizing, Jesus came to John from the village of Nazareth in the province of Galilee, and John baptized him in the river Jordan.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “During that time when Juan was baptizing, Jesus arrived from Nazaret, a town in the province Galilea, and Juan baptized him in the river Jordan.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “At that time Jesus arrived coming from Nazaret in the district of Galilea. When he arrived there, he was baptized by Juan there in the river Jordan.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “Then during those days Jesus came from Nazareth which is in Galilee. When he came from there, John washed him, at the Jordan.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
  • Balinese: “At that time. Ida [Ida is a personal article referring to the highest caste] Jesus came from the village Nasaret in the territory of Galilea, and then was baptized by Jokanan in the river Jarden.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950 p. 75ff. )

complete verse (Mark 1:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 1:10:

  • Uma: “Thus after he was baptized, he came out of the water, and he saw heaven open and the Holy Spirit in-the-shape of a dove bird come down land on him.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When Isa came out from the water, he saw the sky open and the Holy Spirit coming down to him like the appearance of a dove.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when Jesus came out of the water, immediately he saw heaven opened and the Holy Spirit came down on him like a dove.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When Jesus came-out of the water, right-then he saw heaven being opened and the Holy Spirit like a pigeon/dove coming-down until it landed on him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Just as Jesus was coming-out-of-the-water, he saw that the sky/heaven suddenly/unexpectedly opened, and the Espiritu Santo of God came down to him, the body/physical-appearance being like a dove.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Shipibo-Conibo: “Then just as he walked up out of the water, he saw the sky opening up. He saw the Spotless Spirit coming like a dove and falling on himself.” (Source: James Lauriault in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 32ff. )
  • Balinese: “Just did He come up out of the water. then He saw the heaven splitting up and the Holy Spirit descending on Him as a dovebird.” (Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1950 p. 75ff. )