Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Mark 2:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:22:

  • Uma: “So also there is no person who pours new wine into an old container. Because when it ferments that old container will just break, with the result that the wine is spilled, and the container is wasted. So new wine must be put into a container that is also new.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa also compared his teaching with new grape juice that is filled into bags of goat hide. He said, ‘Nobody puts new grape juice that is still bubbling/fermenting, into an old bag. For if he does that, the bag will be split by the grape juice. Then the grape juice spills and the bag is destroyed. Instead new grape juice should be put into new bags.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The same way with wine which has just been made and put into goatskin containers. You cannot put it into old containers because the container will burst and the wine will pour out and the container will also be ruined. It is necessary for wine which has just been made to be put into new containers.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Nor does anyone of-course put recently-yeasted grape juice in a dried-up leather bag, because when it ferments, the leather will crack-open and the bag will be ruined while-simultaneously the grape juice will also be thrown-away. Recently-yeasted grape juice then, it must be new leather in which it is placed.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well, no-one also puts new drink into an already old container made of skin which no longer gives. For if like that is done, when the drink ferments/matures, of course it will cause that container to burst. Well, isn’t is so that the drink and the container will be wasted. What is good to put new into is new also, not old.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Chuj: 2Also no one puts new wine, wine which is still in the process of expanding, into on old animal-skin wine container. That skin will rip, because the wine is still in the process of expanding. Then that wine will spill out, and the skin will be torn apart because of it. But new wine is put into new skin only.”
  • Choapan Zapotec: “No one pours new liquor into cracked bottles. If people pour it into cracked bottles, its heat will break them. Both will be destroyed. It is necessary for people to pour new liquor into good bottles, and not into old, cracked bottles.” (Source for this and above: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Mark 2:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:23:

  • Uma: “One time on the worship day, Yesus and his disciples went through a grain-field. While they were going through that grain-field, his disciples picked wheat [gandum] fruit and ate it. [special verb for eating uncooked grain]” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then one Saturday, the day of-no-work of the Yahudi, Isa and his disciples passed-through a field. As his disciples were passing by, they picked-out-the-grains of the fruit of the field.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “That time on a certain Saturday, Jesus and company passed through the fields. That was the day on which God commanded the Jews long ago that no one was allowed to work on that day because it is the day of rest. The disciples were picking the ears of grain.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There was one Saturday which was the rest-day of the Jews, plural Jesus were walking-through the terraced-fields which were planted with wheat. And his disciples were picking-off the grains and husking-them-with-their-teeth (i.e. to eat).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “One Day of Rest, the walk of Jesus and his disciples went through a wheat-field. Well as those disciples were walking, they picked heads of wheat and crunched-with-teeth.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 2:24)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:24:

  • Uma: “The Parisi people who were there said to Yesus: ‘Why [in the world] do your (sing.) disciples break the rules of our (incl.) religion? They are working on the worship day!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then the Pariseo said to Isa, ‘Look. Why is it that your disciples do what is forbidden by the law on a day-of-no-work?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then the Pharisees said to Jesus, they said, ‘Your disciples are transgressing the commandment given to us by God. Because why are they harvesting today on the Day of Rest?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “However there were some Pharisees who said to Jesus, ‘Look, why are your (sing.) disciples breaking the law of us Jews which forbids harvesting on the day for-resting?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When the Pariseo saw, they said to Jesus, ‘Look at what is being done by those disciples of yours! Isn’t it so that it is taboo to harvest on the Day of Rest?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 2:25)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:25:

  • Uma: “Yesus said: ‘Have you not read what King Daud did long ago when Abyatar was/became High Priest? When Daud and his friends were hungry and there was nothing for them to eat, he entered into the worship house and ate the bread that was offered/sacrificed to God, and he also distributed it to his companions. According to the customs of our religion, it is only priests who are allowed to eat that bread. But even so, this behavior of Daud was not considered-wrong. ‘” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa answered, he said, ‘Have you not read as to what King Da’ud did at the time when Imam Abiyatar was the leading priest? Da’ud and his companions were hungry hep and they had no food.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus answered, ‘It is not possible that you have not read in the long ago writings what David did. He and his soldiers were having a difficult time because they were hungry.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus answered saying, ‘You have certainly read what King David and his companions did when they became-hungry.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus answered them, saying, ‘Haven’t you yet read what was done by king David in the past, when he and his companions were hungered?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 2:26)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:26:

  • Uma: “Yesus said: ‘Have you not read what King Daud did long ago when Abyatar was/became High Priest? When Daud and his friends were hungry and there was nothing for them to eat, he entered into the worship house and ate the bread that was offered/sacrificed to God, and he also distributed it to his companions. According to the customs of our religion, it is only priests who are allowed to eat that bread. But even so, this behavior of Daud was not considered-wrong. ‘” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “He went hep into the house of God and he ate the bread that was placed there given to God. And/but it is forbidden hep by the law to eat that bread, (it is) only for the priests. And Da’ud also gave his companions. But he did not sin in doing that.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And because of that, David went into the House of God and they ate the food which was placed before God, and he let his companions eat it also. Abiathar was the high priest at that time. It was against the law to eat this food because the only ones who would eat that food were the priests.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “He entered the house of God and he took the bread that was offered to God which the law forbids non priests from eating. But he ate it nonetheless and also shared it with his companions. This was done during the period-of-time that Abiatar was Highest Priest.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Isn’t it so that at the time when Abiatar was Most-important Priest, David entered their worship-place of God and ate the bread which is the thank-offering to God? The law says that only priests are able/acceptable to eat that, but David ate and gave those companions of his some too. But since they were-in-dire-straits, therefore they weren’t rebuked.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 2:27)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:27:

  • Uma: “From there, Yesus also said: ‘God made the worship day in order to help mankind. It is not mankind that was made in order to be oppressed by the customs of the worship day.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And Isa said to them, ‘God made the day of-no-work to help mankind. Mankind was not created just in order that they could honor the day of-no-work.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But in spite of that, they did not commit sin. God first created people, and then he commanded the Day of Rest, which is to say, people are more valuable than the Day of Rest.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus concluded, ‘God did not create people for the day for-resting but rather God designated the day for-resting for people.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus added on by saying, ‘The Day of Rest has been made-certain as being for the benefit of man. It isn’t that man was created so that he would be enslaved by laws concerning the Day of Rest.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 2:28)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:28:

  • Uma: “So, I the Child of Mankind, I have authority to say what may be done on the worship day.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore I, the Son of Mankind, have authority to say as to what is right to do on the day of-no-work.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Because of this, I, the Older Sibling of Mankind, I am the one who has authority to say what is proper to do on the Day of Rest.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore I who am Child of a Person am the one who has authority over what can be done on the day for-resting.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore as for even this Day of Rest, it is under my control who am the One From Heaven Born of Man/human.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 3:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 3:1:

  • Uma: “One time, Yesus again entered the prayer-house. There, there was a person whose hand on one side was dead.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then, Isa went back again into the prayer-house. There was a man there his hand was withered.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Jesus again went into the church of the Jews, and there a person whose ligaments were dead in one of his hands.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus went again to the synagogue and entered. There was there a man whose arm/hand was atrophied.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus again entered the worship-place. On his arrival there was a man there whose hand/arm was useless/limp.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)