Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Matthew 5:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:15:

  • Uma: “And there is no person who lights a lamp and up-turns a pot on it. He puts it on its putting-place so that its shine is seen by all people in the house.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Nobody lights a lamp and covers it up with a basin but he places it on it’s stand so that the whole house is light.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There is also no person who lights a lamp and covers it up with a basket, rather he places it on a holder so that all of the house might be lighted.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “No one also lights a lamp (kerosene-burning wick type) to then cover it with a basin, but rather he sets-it -on-top-of-(something) so that all the household will see what they are doing.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Consider also that of course no-one will light a lamp which, after he has lighted it, he will cover with a ganta-measure. On the contrary he really will put it on its stand/resting-place, so that all the inside of the house will be lit up.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When a lamp is lit it isn’t put underneath a box, rather it is placed in a stand so that it shines for all those who live in the house.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Mungaka: “Let your fire shine into the eyes of the people.” (source: Nama 1990)

complete verse (Matthew 5:16)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:16:

  • Uma: “So also, the light that is in your hearts, do not hide. Your behavior/character must be good, so that all people see [it], with the result that they praise your Father who is in heaven.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Likewise shall you also give light to mankind. That means do good so that the people will see your good deeds and praise your Father in heaven.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “It is the same way with your good works. You must not hide them. Let people see your good works, and because of this people will praise our Father God who is in heaven.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Likewise also it is necessary that you shine (as a light) in the sight of people so that they will see your good manner-of-life and they will praise your Father in heaven.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore don’t hide your believing/obeying. Hopefully your lamp will always shine-brightly in the sight of everyone, so that the good things you are doing will be clear to them, and they will praise your Father who is in heaven.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “You must do like this, you must want that the people will see the good which you do. When the people see the good you do, then they will praise your Father who lives in heaven.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 5:17)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:17:

  • Uma: “‘Don’t think that I have come here to destroy the Law of the Lord that was written by Musa with the teaching of the prophets long ago. I do not come to destroy. I have come here to fulfill what is written in that Law.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘Do not think that the reason I came here is so that the law of Musa and the teachings of the prophets have no more value. I have not come to remove the law and the teachings of the prophets but in order to really explain/cause-understand as to what it’s meaning is.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Don’t you think that the reason I came here to the earth is so that I will do away with the system of commands that was given to us through Moses and the teaching long ago by the inspired ones of God. The reason why I came is so that the obedience of these might be complete.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus said, ‘Don’t be thinking that I came to terminate Moses’ law and what the prophets wrote, but rather I came so that I would fulfill what they were saying.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus said next, ‘Don’t be thinking that why I came here was to destroy/break the laws of God and the things he caused the prophets to say. Coming to destroy certainly isn’t my purpose, but on the contrary so that all will be fulfilled.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Do not think that I have come in order that I take away the law which Moses wrote or that I take away the word taught by the spokesmen for God. It is not that. Rather I have come so that concerning all the words spoken in the law, I will accomplish all these words.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 5:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:18:

  • Uma: “Really-really I say to you: every word that is written in the Book of the Law of the Lord definitely must happen/be-fulfilled. As long as there still is this sky and earth, not one word in the Law of the Lord will not happen, not even a very small one.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Truly I tell you as long as earth and sky is still here not even one letter or one dash/diacritic will be removed from the law. It is not possible that the law should have no value as long as the end of the world has not yet come.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Because until heaven and earth do not yet go out of existence, it is not possible that will be taken away even one proposition alone of the sayings in the system of commands. Until everything is not yet fulfilled, the system of laws cannot also be removed. Don’t you forget this.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “This that I tell you is true that until the earth and heaven cease-to-exist, absolutely nothing contained in God’s law will cease-to-exist, even the shortest word or a single period, until all the purposes of God are fulfilled.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For this that I will say to you is true. Sky/heaven and the world will indeed be removed, however there’s really no removing even the smallest bit of the laws of God until all will be fulfilled.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Truly I tell you that while the heavens and the earth continue in existence, that concerning all the words written in the law, not even one letter nor even one period can be removed until all the written words have happened.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 5:19)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:19:

  • Uma: “That is why I say to you, whoever transgresses even just one-kind of the commands in the Law of the Lord, even if it is just a very small command, and teaches other people to do like that also, that person will have the smallest life / be of the least importance of all of God’s people. So also, whoever follows all the commands in the Law of the Lord and teaches other people to do like that, that person has the biggest life / is most important of all of God’s people.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore whoever breaks the law, even the laws of little value and teaches also others to break them, he will be the very lowest one in the ruling/kingdom of God. But whoever follows the law and teaches others to follow the law, will be great in the ruling/kingdom of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Therefore if there is anyone who intentionally overlooks even a very small part of the system of laws and he teaches his overlooking to someone else, he will be the lowest in rank when God in heaven will rule. And in the same way, if someone completely obeys the system of laws and he teaches to someone else his obedience, he will be greatest of all people when God rules in the future.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore if someone breaks even the least-significant (lit. lightest) command of God and teaches his companions that it’s-OK-if (lit. even-if) they don’t obey it, he will be counted as the lowest in God’s ruling. But the one who fulfills and teaches these commands, he will be counted as high in God’s ruling.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore whoever isn’t obeying even just a little bit of what was said in these laws, and who will also teach other people not to obey them also, he will be regarded as of-lowest-rank in the kingdom of God. But the one who obeys the laws and who will also teach others to obey, he will be regarded as great/noteworthy there.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Therefore whoever will reject the words commanded by the law, even though it is a little bit, and teach other people to reject this word, this is the person who will not be looked on with respect in heaven. But the person who will do what the law says and teaches other people to do the same, this is the person who will be looked on with respect in heaven.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 5:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:20:

  • Uma: “So, I say to you, if you do not become upright in God’s sight, you will certainly not become his people in his Kingdom. And your uprightness must surpass the uprightness of the religion teachers and the Parisi people.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I tell you if your perseverence to follow the commands of God is not exceeding the perseverence of the teachers of the religious law and the Pariseo, you will not get into the ruling/kingdom of God.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I tell you that you can only be ruled over by God if you do what God wants. And you must be far more faithful in carrying this out then the teachers of the law and the Pharisee people. (law is substituted hereafter for system of commands.)” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I thus say to you that it is not possible for you to be added to the ruling of God if you are not more righteous than the Pharisees and teachers of the law.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “This which I am saying to you is really true, that if your obeying of the will of God is only the same as the obeying by the Pariseo and explainers of law, you really won’t be able to enter this kingdom of God.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I tell you that if you want to enter there where God rules, it is wanted that much better do you walk than the way the teachers of the law and Pharisees walk.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 5:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:21:

  • Uma: “‘You know the command that was said to our (incl.) ancestors long ago that says: ‘Don’t kill, and whoever kills must have his case sat/heard and be punished.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘You have heard about the teaching of the people of old saying, ‘Do not kill. Whoever kills shall be judged.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “You know that which was taught long ago to our ancestors which forbad murdering, because one who murders will be sentenced to punishment.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus continued saying, ‘You have heard what was commanded to our ancestors in the distant-past, that they not kill, and if they kill a life (idiom for murder), they will be judged and sentenced to be punished.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus said next, ‘You have heard what was commanded the people of long ago, ‘Do not kill, for whoever takes (lit. severs) the life of his fellow man, he will have to answer for it to the judge.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “You have heard the word taught to the old-time people long ago, that they were told: ‘Do not murder. Concerning the people who murder, they must be judged and punished,’ they were told.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Matthew 5:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 5:22:

  • Uma: “But I say: whoever gets angry at someone, definitely his case will be sat/heard. Whoever curses his companion, he will definitely be carried to the big judged. And whoever calls-a fool/stupid his companion, it is very fitting that he be thrown into the fire of hell.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But I, I say: whoever is angry towards his companion shall be judged, and whoever says to his companion, ‘You are stupid (slow minded)!’ shall be brought to the judge (next higher instance) and whoever says to his companion, ‘You are really stupid/wicked, you are of no use!’ he is in danger of being judged of being put in the fire of hell.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And I tell you also that he who is only angry with his companion, God will also sentence him, and he who insults his companion saying, ‘You are a worthless person,’ he will be brought to trial. And he who insults his companion saying, ‘You are a stupid worthless person,’ he will be worthy of being taken to the fire of hell.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But I say to you that even the one who becomes-angry-with his companion will be judged and sentenced to be punished. The person also who shames his companion saying, ‘You (sing.) are useless,’ will have charges-filed-against-him before the leaders. And the person also who says to his companion, ‘You (sing.) are foolish,’ is going to the fire in hell.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But now/today I am the one saying to you that even if you (sing.) just get angry with your companion, it’s certain that you will answer for it to the Judge. For if you (sing.) are insolent, it’s acceptable/possible that you be sentenced by the tribal-judge. If you say to your companion, ‘You are crazy!’ it’s acceptable/possible that you be put there in the fire that never dies down, which is God’s punishment.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But I tell you that the person who hates his brother must be judged. The person who speaks evil words to his brother must have the judges gather to judge his case. He who says that his brother is a fool will go to hell where it burns.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)