Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Luke 15:17)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:17:

  • Noongar: “So then he began to think straight. ‘I am stupid. My father gives money to all his workers. They have more food than they can eat, and I sit in this place hungry.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “‘Finally, he pondered, he said: ‘The workers in my father’s house, their food is greatly in excess. But as for me here, I am almost starved to death.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then he started to think about his foolishness and he said in his liver, ‘All the servants of my father their food is plentiful. And I am about to die here of starvation.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And after a long time, he began to thoroughly consider everything. He said, ‘All of the servants of my father, they have more food than they need. But as for me here, I’m about to die of hunger.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Then he came-to-his-senses (lit. became-thoughted) and said to himself, ‘All whom my father salaries, they have an excess to eat, and here by-contrast I am here dying from my hunger.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When he thought-over what he had done like that, it came to his mind/inner-being, ‘Oh,’ he said, ‘all of Father’s paid-workers are supplied with the food they need, and even in excess. As for me, I’m starving here!” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:18:

  • Noongar: “I will get up and I will go back to my father and say, ‘Father, I have done wrong before God and before you.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Thus, I will go home to my father, I will say to him: ‘Father, I have been wrong to the Lord God and to Father also.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I will be better off going home to Father and I will say to him: Father, I have sinned against God and you.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “It would be better if I just go home to my father, and I will say to him, ‘Father, I have sinned very much against God and against you, my father.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I might-as-well (lit. Even-if I) go-home to say to my father: Father, I have sinned against God and likewise against you (sing.).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Surely what would be good is, I will go home to him. I will beg-mercy saying, ‘Father, I sinned against God and you.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:19)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:19:

  • Noongar: “I have been very bad. You must not call me your son. But you must put me like your servants and pay me for working.”” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “I am no longer fit for you (sing.) to call your (sing.) child, Father. It is better that you (sing.) consider me just your (sing.) slave.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I am no longer worthy to be called your child. Consider me now just like one of your servants.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I’m no longer worthy that you think of me anymore as your son, but rather, just think of me as one of your servants.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I am admittedly not worthy to be counted as your (sing.) child, but if it could be possible, I will please join-in-working for you (sing.).'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “It really is no longer possible/acceptable that you still call me your son. Regard me just as one of your paid-workers.”” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:20)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:20:

  • Noongar: “‘So he got up and went home to his father. When he was far away, his father saw him. His father’s heart was full of pity, and he ran, he took his son and embraced him and kissed him.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “He left, going to his father. ‘While he was still far from his house, his father saw. From his love, he ran going to meet his child, he hugged him and kissed him.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then he left and went back to his father. ‘But when he was still far, his father saw him. His father really pitied him and he ran there and embraced his son.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And that was that, and then he started out straight for home. While he was still afar off his father saw him and his father, looking at him, pitied him greatly and he ran and met him and hugged and kissed his son.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Upon his thinking that, he set-out to return to where his plural father were. While he was still far-away, his father whose mercy/pity toward him was great saw-him-from-a-distance. So he ran to go meet him and hugged him while-also kissing-him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When he had thought/decided that, he truly went home to his father. But when he was still far away, he was seen by his father. He really pitied him. His father ran to meet him, hugged and kissed him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:21:

  • Noongar: “‘Father’, the son said, ‘I have sinned before God and before you. I have been very bad and you must not name me your son.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “The child then said: ‘Father, I have been wrong to the Lord God and to Father also. I am not fit for you (sing.) to call your (sing.) child….'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “His son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against God and you. I am no longer worthy that you call me your son.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “‘Father,’ said that young man, ‘I have sinned very much against God and against you, my father. I am no longer worthy that you think of me anymore as your son. Just make me one of your servants.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then his child said, ‘Father, I have sinned against God and likewise against you (sing.). I am admittedly not worthy to be counted as your (sing.) child.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “That son spoke, saying, ‘Father, I really sinned against God and you. It is no longer possible/acceptable that you still call me your son.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:22:

  • Noongar: “But his father called the workers. ‘Quickly!’ he said. ‘Bring the best clothes and dress my son! Put a ring on his finger and put shoes on his feet.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “‘But the father called his servants, and he said to them: ‘Hurry, get clothes that are very good, and clothe him. Slide-on his fingers with rings, and put-shoes-on him also.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But his father called the servants and said to them, ‘Hurry, bring the very best clothes here and dress him in them. Put also a ring/rings on him and shoes.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But this father called the servants from the house, and he said, ‘You all bring here the good clothing, and you put it on him. Put a ring on his finger, and put shoes on his feet.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘But his father called his servants and said, ‘Hurry up. Go get the best clothes to dress-him-with. Also put on his hand a ring (lit. ring him) and put-shoes-on-him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But his father called his slaves, saying, ‘Hurry! Bring here the best clothing and clothe him with it. Put a ring and footwear on him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:23:

  • Noongar: “Then go and get the best young bullock and kill it. We will eat and drink with happiness. Let’s celebrate!” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “After that, you catch a fat calf and slaughter it. We will eat with great joy [lit., glad-glad]” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then go and get the calf that we (incl.) have been fattening and butcher it. We (incl.) will feast and have a celebration.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And go and get that young cow that I’ve been fattening, and butcher it because we will eat and be happy.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then go get the fat cow calf so that you will butcher it so that we will eat/feast-on it and be-happy,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Also hurry up and fetch that young cow which has been fattened and butcher it, for we (incl.) will have a feast and celebrate.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Luke 15:24)

Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:24:

  • Noongar: “Because this my son was dead, but now he lives; he was lost but now he is found.’ They were very happy and they began eating and drinking.” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Uma: “Because this my child, we could say he was dead, but he lives again. He was lost, but I found him again.’ They had a feast.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “For this child of mine was like dead and lives again. He was like lost and has come home.’ Then they began to celebrate.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Because as for this, my son, it was as if he was dead but now he is alive again. He was lost and today he is found.’ And then they began to have a good time.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “because this child of mine was like dead, but (surprised realization) here he is alive. He was lost, but here he has arrived.’ Then they began to be-happy-together.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For this child of mine was as-it-were dead but has indeed come alive again. It’s like he was lost but has been found.’ Without anything further, they truly celebrated.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)