Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 3:23:
- Uma: “For we have all sinned, and we are not fit/worth to get/obtain a share in God’s glory [lit. God’s bigness of life].” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “All have equally sinned, there is not even one of them praised by God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “All mankind have sinned and they do not count even as much as one fingernail toward the very high rank of God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Because all of us have sinned, and we cannot attain/reach God’s goodness.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “For all people have sin. No one comes out doing that good God wants that people do.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Tzeltal: “We all have sin. Equally we have not been able to equal the goodness of God.”
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “All men have sinned. There is no one really straight like God has measured it.”
- Isthmus Zapotec: “We have all of us sinned and now not one of us is worth anything in God’s sight.”
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “And all of them have committed sin and God can’t say a good word about any of them because all of them fail to become good.” (Source for this and three above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 3:24:
- Uma: “But God releases us from the punishment of our sins and he says we are straight [just] because of the redeeming of Kristus Yesus. All this is a gift [lit., a giving dry] of God to us because of his grace [white insides].” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “But because of God’s love and pity/mercy to us (incl.), that is his love-gift to us (incl.), therefore our (incl.) sins are forgiven by him and we (incl.) are considered straight by him because we (incl.) trust Isa Almasi who redeems/frees us (incl.) from our (incl.) sin.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, only because of God’s favor to us (incl.), He will consider us righteous just the same as if we (incl.) had never done any wrong, because Jesus Christ has set us free.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “But because of his grace/mercy to us that has no payment, he counts us as righteous by-means-of what Cristo Jesus has done to redeem us.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “It was pure grace that God cleared our sins. Because Jesus Christ paid for our sins.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Central Mazahua: “God is a good person. He just gives us that which we didn’t earn. God says we don’t any longer owe sin because Jesus Christ paid.”
- Hopi: “We through Jesus Christ have been set in the clear, and haven’t paid anything but have been made right through his mercy.”
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “But God did men a favor and he sees as if they were straight all who have put their confidence in Jesus. And men are not asked anything for the price of this favor. They are seen as if they were straight just because of Jesus Christ since he is the one who redeemed them.” (Source for this and two above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 3:26:
- Uma: “With the death of Yesus, it became evident/knowable that God is upright punishing sin, and he can also say that sinners who believe in Yesus are upright.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “But just the same God punishes if/when someone sins. Therefore he punished Isa as a substitute for us (incl.) even though he had not sinned. Because of this there is now his proof, that he is truly straight and that he considers straight everyone who trusts Isa Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However, it is necessary that there be punishment for the sins of mankind, therefore he punished Jesus. Because of that, we (incl.) know that the judgment of God is just. And because of this, it can be that He will consider righteous anybody who believes in Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “but now, he has shown that he didn’t just forget those sins but rather he included them in the sins that Jesus bore (lit. carried-on-his-shoulder) on the cross. Thus it can-be-seen that God is thoroughly righteous while-simultaneously it is also he who counts as righteous all people who believe in Jesus.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “But now that Christ has died it is seen that all the sins of the people are paid. Now we are assured that God rightly judges, clearing the sins of all who believe in Jesus Christ.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Central Mazahua: “When Jesus Christ died, God showed us that he judges us well. He didn’t just allow the sins we do. But God will say he doesn’t any longer owe sin, the one who will plant Jesus Christ in his heart, because Jesus Christ paid for our sins.”
- Tzeltal: “Not until now God has made to be seen how with a straight heart he has now settled the matter of sin, in order that thus it will be known that his heart is straight and he makes straight the heart also of as many as believe in Jesus.” (Source for this and above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 3:27:
- Uma: “So, there is no longer a way for us to make our hearts high [proud]. For God does not receive us because of our good behavior. He receives us because of our faith in the Lord Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “So-then if it is like this, do we (dual) have something to boast about in the sight of God? Really there is nothing! For we (dual) are considered straight by God not because of our (dual) following the law but because of our (dual) trusting in Isa Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Therefore, there’s nothing that anyone can boast about. We cannot say that the reason we (incl.) are considered righteous by God is because we obeyed the Law, for the reason God accepts us is our faith in Jesus.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “Therefore it is absolutely impossible for us to boast of our righteousness, because God’s counting us as righteous was not on account of our obeying his law but rather because of our believing in Jesu Cristo.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “So now, where is the word of those who boast, saying that they have some good which they have done to clear their sins? There is nothing to be seen. Because that which saves our souls is not that we have done what is said in the law. Rather that which saves our souls is the faith we have.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Huehuetla Tepehua: “Well, since this is what God has done for us, can anyone be proud of anything good that he has done? No. Well, why can’t he be proud of anything good that he has done? He can’t because God can’t see us as if we were straight even if we try to do what his law says. Only can he see us as if we were straight when we put our confidence in Jesus.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 4:2:
- Uma: “If for example Abraham became straight in God’s sight because of his good behavior, he could be high of heart [proud] about that. But there is no basis at all for Abraham to make his heart high before God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “If for example Ibrahim were considered straight by God because of his doing good, there would be a reason for Ibrahim to boast. But he could not boast in God’s sight.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “we know that the reason that God regarded him as righteous was not because he did not transgress what God wanted. For if he had no transgressions it would be true that he would have something to boast about. However, we know that Abraham transgressed just the same, and because of this, he really had nothing to boast about before God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “If for-example God counted him as righteous because of what he did, there would be something for him to boast-about, but the truth of it is that there is nothing that he could boast-about to God.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “If it is that he has something good that he did and therefore God cleared his sins, then he can brag. But God knows that he is not able to brag.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Hopi : “For if Abraham was made right by works he was able to be puffed up. But he was not made right that way so he cannot say anything to God.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 4:4:
- Uma: “For example if a person works to get [lit., eat] a salary, he can certainly demand-payment/collect his salary. That salary is not a gift but really his.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “We (dual) know that if/when a person works, he receives wages (suweldo). When he receives his wages, we (dual) do not say that that is a gift to him, but/instead that is the wage (tangdan) of his work.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “If there is a person who is paid for carrying out what he was asked to do, that payment of his was not just given but rather it was because he carried out that which he was given to do.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “If a person works and is paid-a-salary, we don’t count his salary as a gift but as payment (lit. exchange) for his fatigue.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “And now, when someone does a work, the wages given to him are not just a gift done for him, rather he is owed them.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Teutila Cuicatec: “When we pay our workers that is not mercy, because we owe it to them.”(Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 4:5:
- Uma: “But our connection/relationship with God is not that. For it is not because of our behavior that God receives us. If we believe in God, even though we are wrong/guilty, he says we are straight in his sight just because of our faith in him.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “If/when a person does good so that, he says/thinks, God will forgive his sin and God will consider him straight, he is really wrong/mistaken. For it is not because of our (dual) good deeds but because of our (dual) trusting God, the one who forgives sins, that we (incl.) are forgiven and considered straight by God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And God’s considering us (incl.) righteous is not like that because it’s just His favor to us. The reason God considers us (incl.) to be righteous is not because we carried out what He told us to do, but rather only because we believed in Him who is able to make transgressors righteous.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “But if a person doesn’t work-for his salvation but rather believes in God that he is the one who counts a sinner as righteous, his faith is the reason God counts him as righteous.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “But God does not tell us that we must do work in order to clear our sins. Because he gives us the favor of clearing our sins. It is just that we believe what God says will happen.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Tzeltal: “But the one who believes in the one who sets free from their sins those who are sinners, it is now through his belief of heart that he will have his heart made straight, not through his good work which he has done.”
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “But we receive freely as a favor that which God does for us, and God is able to say that our hearts are straight when we still lack of becoming entirely good in our hearts. Well then, we believe in God, and on account of our belief, God reckons up that our hearts are straight.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
- Chichewa (interconfessional translation, 1999): “But a person having believed, instead of depending on his/her works, God who views sinful people that they are not guilty, that person on believing [a syntactic, object front-shift], God views him/her that s/he is right[eous] in his eyes.” (Source: Wendland 1998, p. 112)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 4:22:
- Uma: “Because of that faith of his, there is written in the Holy Book long ago that says: ‘God said Abraham was straight in his sight.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “Therefore because Ibrahim really believed God’s promise to him, ‘he was considered straight by God’ as is written in the holy-book.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And because of that faith of Abraham, it was written long ago that God considered him to be righteous.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “And this faith of his was the reason that God counted him as righteous.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the faith Abraham had, this is why God cleared his sins.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
- Tabasco Chontal: “That’s why God told Abraham that he would accept him, because of that which he believed.”
- Chicahuaxtla Triqui: “Therefore on account of his believing in God, God reckoned up that his heart was straight.” (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
