The sons of Midian …: In many languages it will be necessary to supply a verb here. Some may say “These were the sons of Midian…,” while others will prefer “Midian’s sons were…” (New Century Version).

Ephah, the first of Midian’s five sons, may have been the leading tribe of the Midianites. According to Isa 60.6, the tribe of Ephah was famous for its camel breeding.

The name Hanoch is spelled the same as the name “Enoch” in Hebrew. Nearly all translations here say “Hanoch,” but Revised English Bible has “Enoch.”

All these were the descendants of Keturah: Good News Translation omits this sentence since the previous verse has already stated this same information. But as in previous verses that have similar summary statements (verses 23 and 31), in many languages it may be considered perfectly natural to repeat this information.

Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on 1-2 Chronicles, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2014. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .