וַיַּ֥רְא שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיִּרָ֕א וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד לִבּ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃
5When Saul saw the army of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly.
The term that is transliterated as “Philistines” in English is translated in American Sign Language with a sign that signifies the helmet the Philistine warriors wore was decorated with feather-like objects. (Source: RuthAnna Spooner, Ron Lawer)
“Philistines” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor
The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Saul” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with the sign that depicts “sword in chest” (referring to 1 Samuel 31:4 and 1 Chronicles 10:4) and also “self-centered.” (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
“Saul” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España
He was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly: these two expressions, joined by the conjunction and, do not refer to two separate facts. Rather they are different ways of talking about the same thing. So it may be advisable to find some other way to join them together. For example, one may say “he was so afraid that his heart beat wildly.” Or, as in Revised English Bible, “Saul was afraid, indeed struck to the heart by terror.” Regarding the verb trembled, see the comments on 13.7.
Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on the First and Second Books of Samuel, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2001. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
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