Orthodox Icons are not drawings or creations of imagination. They are in fact writings of things not of this world. Icons can represent our Lord Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the Saints. They can also represent the Holy Trinity, Angels, the Heavenly hosts, and even events. Orthodox icons, unlike Western pictures, change the perspective and form of the image so that it is not naturalistic. This is done so that we can look beyond appearances of the world, and instead look to the spiritual truth of the holy person or event. (Source )
The Greek that is translated in English as “brother” (in the sense of a fellow believer), is translated with a specifically coined word in Kachin: “There are two terms for brother in Kachin. One is used to refer to a Christian brother. This term combines ‘older and younger brother.’ The other term is used specifically for addressing siblings. When one uses this term, one must specify if the older or younger person is involved. A parallel system exists for ‘sister’ as well. In [these verses], the term for ‘a Christian brother’ is used.” (Source: Gam Seng Shae)
In Martu Wangka it is translated as “relative” (this is also the term that is used for “follower.”) (Source: Carl Gross)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 15:13:
Uma: “When the speech of Paulus and Barnabas was finished, Yakobus said: ‘Relatives, please listen to my words.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “After they had spoken, Yakub took his turn to speak. He said, ‘My brothers, listen to me.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when they had finished speaking, James spoke. He said, ‘Brethren, listen to what I have to say.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “That talk of theirs being finished then, after-that Santiago spoke saying, ‘You brothers, please listen to this that I will say.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “When that story of theirs was ended, Santiago was next to speak, saying, ‘Brethren, listen to me.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
The James referred to here is presumably the brother of the Lord (Galatians 1.19; Mark 6.3; see also 12.17), but this is general background information and should not be made explicit in the text. Spoke up is literally “answered,” but the verb is quite often used in this more general sense.
On the expression brothers, see 1.16.
Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on The Acts of the Apostles. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1972. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
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