happiness / joy

The Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek that is typically translated in English as “joy” or “happiness” is translated in the Hausa Common Language Ajami Bible idiomatically as farin ciki or “white stomach.” In some cases, such as in Genesis 29:11, it is also added for emphatic purposes.

Other languages that use the same expression include Southern Birifor (pʋpɛl), Dera (popolok awo), Reshe (ɾipo ɾipuhã). (Source: Andy Warren-Rothlin)

See also Seat of the Mind / Seat of Emotions, rejoiced greatly / celebrated, the Mossi translation of “righteous”, and joy.

complete verse (Acts 15:31)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 15:31:

  • Uma: “When this letter was read to the masses, they were all glad, for its contents comforted their hearts.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When they read the letter, they were very glad over that letter which encouraged their livers.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for the believers, when they read it they were very happy over this advice to them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When they read it then, great was their happiness at the good advice.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When those believers had read it, they were happy about the teaching for them which it contained.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

Translation commentary on Acts 15:31

This is a very brief sentence in Greek, consisting of only six words. For the English reader, however, there are certain ambiguities if it is rendered literally (see Revised Standard Version “And when they read it, they rejoiced at the exhortation”); and so this necessitates a longer sentence than appears in Greek. If the first “they” is qualified as the people, there is no problem of understanding the referent of the next “they.” In Greek there is no object expressed, but what they read was the letter. “At the encouragement” is an evident reference to the message of encouragement (contained in the letter). It may be necessary to shift the passive expression were filled to an active one and to make somewhat more explicit the relationship between message and encouragement. Moreover, the people are the ones who have joy and are being encouraged; therefore one may restructure this second clause as “the message encouraged the people and filled them with joy” or “… caused them to have great joy.”

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on The Acts of the Apostles. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1972. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .