apostle, apostles

The Greek term that is usually translated as “apostle(s)” in English is (back-) translated in the following ways:

Scot McKnight (in The Second Testament, publ. 2023) translates it into English as commissioner.

In American Sign Language it is translated with a combination of the signs for “following” plus the sign for “authority” to differentiate it from disciple. (Source: RuthAnna Spooner, Ron Lawer)


“apostles” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor

complete verse (Acts 5:18)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 5:18:

  • Uma: “They arrested/caught those apostles of Lord Yesus and detained them in the village jail.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So they commanded them to be seized and imprisoned.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And they just moved and arrested the apostles and put them in prison.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore, they went and arrested them and imprisoned them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore they went to the apostles and arrested and imprisoned them.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

Translation commentary on Acts 5:18

Arrested represents the same phrase (literally “lay hands on”) as appears in 4.3. Public jail (or “common jail”) is the translation accepted by most, though it is possible that the phrase may be taken to mean “they publicly put them in custody.” Three other times this phrase occurs in the New Testament (without being joined with the word “jail”) and each time it has an adverbial force and is translated something like “in public” (see 16.37; 18.28; 20.20).

In an number of languages the equivalent of “common” is “jail where bad people are kept.” This contrasts with jails for political prisoners.

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on The Acts of the Apostles. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1972. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .