birds of the air

The Greek and Hebrew phrases that are often translated as “birds of the air” in English “refer to the undomesticated song birds or wild birds, to be distinguished in a number of languages from domesticated fowl. In Tzeltal these former are ‘field birds’.” (source: Bratcher / Nida)

Q’anjob’al also uses an established term for non-domesticated birds. Newberry and Kittie Cox (in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 91ff. ) explain: “Qʼanjobʼal has two distinct terms, one to identify domesticated birds and the other non-domesticated birds. The additional descriptive phrase ‘of the air’ seemed entirely misleading, for Qʼanjobʼal speakers had never heard of such creatures. Actually, of course, all that was necessary was the term for non-domesticated birds, for that is precisely the meaning of the Biblical expression.”

See also birds of the air / fish of the sea and birds or four-footed animals or reptiles.

Translation commentary on Daniel 4:21

This verse is almost a word-for-word repetition of verse 12 above. However, in place of the verb rendered found shade in verse 12, this verse actually has a more general word meaning “to live” or “to rest” for the beasts. And for the birds, instead of dwelt this verse has a term of slightly different meaning. Note that New Revised Standard Version translates the verb in verse 12 “were fed,” while the verb in this verse is rendered “had nests.” The same sort of meaning difference is distinguished in New International Version. It may or may not be possible to reflect these shades of meaning in the translation. But if it is possible to do so naturally, then it should be done.

Quoted with permission from Péter-Contesse, René & Ellington, John. A Handbook on Daniel. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1994. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .