cattle, livestock

The Hebrew that is translated in English as “livestock” (or “cattle”) is translated in Newari as “living beings brought up in a house” or “living beings cared for in a house” (Source: Newari Back Translation)

In Kwere it is “animals that are being kept.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

Translation commentary on Joshua 11:14

The Israelites kept all the valuables and livestock, but they killed all the people. They put every person to death; no one was left alive is similar in Hebrew to what occurs in 10.40 and 11.11.

The word translated valuables (Revised Standard Version “spoil”) refers to any kind of loot taken from a captured city; it is the same word translated goods at 8.27. Livestock is also the same word translated livestock in 8.27.

But they put every person to death; no one was left alive translates “but every man they smote with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them, and they did not leave any that breathed” (Revised Standard Version). One may further shorten the statement: “But they put every person in the city to death.”

Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Newman, Barclay M. A Handbook on Joshua. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1983. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .