Gethsemane (image)

Hand colored stencil print on momigami by Sadao Watanabe (1962).

Image taken with permission from the SadaoHanga Catalogue where you can find many more images and information about Sadao Watanabe.

For other images of Sadao Watanabe art works in TIPs, see here.

Following is a painting (“Jesus’ agony in the garden of Gethsemane”) by Kim Ki-chang (1913-2001):

Kim Ki-chang (pen name: Unbo) had been deaf and partially mute since the age of 7. He painted a series of 30 paintings for the “Life of Christ” cycle in 1952 during the Korean War. Kim portrayed Jesus as a seonbi / 선비, or a Joseon Period (1392-1910) gentleman scholar, wearing a gat / 갓 (hat) and dopo / 도포 (robe). For other images of Kim Ki-chang art works in TIPs, see here.

inclusive vs. exclusive pronoun (Matt. 26:46 / Mark 14:42)

Many languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns (“we”). (Click or tap here to see more details)

The inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (“you and I and possibly others”), while the exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (“he/she/they and I, but not you”). This grammatical distinction is called “clusivity.” While Semitic languages such as Hebrew or most Indo-European languages such as Greek or English do not make that distinction, translators of languages with that distinction have to make a choice every time they encounter “we” or a form thereof (in English: “we,” “our,” or “us”).

For this verse, translators typically select the inclusive form (including Peter, James and John).

Source: Velma Pickett and Florence Cowan in Notes on Translation January 1962, p. 1ff.

complete verse (Mark 14:42)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 14:42:

  • Uma: “Get us! Look, here comes the one who sells me. Let’s go.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Stand up, let us (incl.) go. Look, here is already the one who betrays me.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Get up because here is the man who will betray me. Let’s go to meet him.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Get up, because here comes the one who will betray me. Let’s go meet (him).'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Get up now and let’s be going. There now is that one who traded me!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

Translation commentary on Mark 14:42

Exegesis:

egeiresthe (cf. 1.31) ‘rise,’ ‘get up,’ ‘rouse yourselves.’

agōmen (cf. 1.38) ‘let us go’: not in the sense of running away, but of meeting the approaching group.

ho paradidous me ‘he who delivers me’ (for the verb paradidōmi used with reference to Judas Iscariot cf. v. 10).

ēggiken (cf. 1.15) ‘has come,’ ‘is here’: the meaning ‘is near,’ ‘is at hand’ would not seem to fit the context quite so well as ‘has arrived,’ since the following verse states that while Jesus was still speaking Judas arrived.

Translation:

My betrayer consists of an object-action relationship, not a possessor-object relationship as might be assumed from the use of the so-called possessive pronoun my. Accordingly, one must usually translate this as ‘the one who is going to betray me.’

Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1961. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .