The Greek that is translatede as “spirit/demon comes (out)” in various forms in English is translated in
Izii as “spirit/demon pour (out),” because “ephe (‘come’), sounds as if the demons are human beings. We use only ephe for human beings.” (Source: Samuel Iyoku in The Bible Translator 1977, p. 404ff. )
He gave freedom to those in bondage of evil (image)

“In Thai society, those who are possessed by evil spirits are usually the weak or mentally unstable. This man is shown as freed from his spiritual and physical chains. Even though he is naked Jesus is not ashamed to be close to him.”
Drawing by Sawai Chinnawong who employs northern and central Thailand’s popular distinctive artistic style originally used to depict Buddhist moral principles and other religious themes; explanation by Paul DeNeui. From That Man Who Came to Save Us by Sawai Chinnawong and Paul H. DeNeui, William Carey Library, 2010.
For more images by Sawai Chinnatong in TIPs see here.
complete verse (Mark 5:8)
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 5:8:
- Uma: “Yesus ordered the evil-spirit to leave, he said: ‘Depart from that person!’ The person shouted/hooted he said: ‘Ee Yesus Child of God who is in heaven! Why have you (sing.) come here? By the name of God I request that you (sing.) not torment me.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “So-then Isa said to the demon, ‘Come out of that person/man, Demon.’ The demon screamed loud, he said, ‘You have nothing to do with me, Isa. You are the Son of God, the most high God. God is listening, I implore you, do not hurt/punish/persecute me.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Jesus spoke to that demon, ‘Get away from that person!’ Then the person screamed, and he said to Jesus, ‘Ay! You Son of the Most High God, what business do you have with me? I beg you to promise me that you will not punish me yet because we are here before God!'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “That’s what he said, because Jesus had already commanded, ‘You (sing.) evil-spirit, leave that-one!'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “He spoke like that because Jesus had already said to that evil spirit who was possessing, ‘Leave this person now!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Translation commentary on Mark 5:8 – 5:9
Exegesis:
elegen gar autō ‘for he was saying to him’ (so Goodspeed, Montgomery, Williams); ‘for he said’ (American Standard Version, Translator’s New Testament); ‘for he had said’ (Revised Standard Version, Moffatt, Berkeley); ‘for he had been saying’ (Taylor). The imperfect indicates either (1) that Jesus was in the act of exorcising the unclean spirit when interrupted by the demoniac; or (2) Jesus was repeating his command (cf. Goodspeed and others). Manson‘s “Jesus was already saying to him”, favors the first interpretation. The meaning of the verb legō ‘say’ here is ‘command,’ ‘order.’
autō ‘to him’: refers to the unclean spirit, to whom the command to come out is addressed. The confusion between the man and the unclean spirit (or spirits) who possessed him is seen throughout.
to pneuma to akatharton ‘you unclean spirit’: though the form is nominative, this is the vocative use, the case of address.
kai epērōta auton ‘and he (Jesus) asked him (the man)’: the masculine pronoun auton ‘him’ shows that the man is being addressed. Again, in such cases, it is impossible to separate the man from the spirit.
eperōtaō (some 25 times in Mark; cf. erōtaō in 4.10) ‘ask a question.’
legiōn (5.15) ‘Legion’: a Latin loan-word. In the time of Augustus a legion of soldiers comprised 6000 men.
hoti polloi esmen ‘because we are many’: the masculine polloi ‘many’ does not agree in gender with ta pneumata ta akatharta ‘the unclean spirits’ (v. 13). It must be understood in a general sense (cf. the masculine participle legontes ‘saying’ in v. 12; cf. 9.26 where masculine participles modify the neuter ‘spirit’), as applying to the spirits themselves (although it is possible that the masculine is influenced by legiōn which is masculine – cf. v. 15).
Translation:
In order that the sequence of actual events between verses 7 and 8 may be made clear, it is necessary to indicate explicitly that the statement made by the demon-possessed man is in response to what Jesus had already said, e.g. ‘For Jesus had already said to the man, ….’ (or ‘was already saying’).
Despite the apparent confusion between words addressed to the man and the responses of the demon (or demons), it is important in so far as possible to preserve this confusion, as being an essential element in the psychological situation. In the beginning of verse 8, it is vital that one have as the object of the verb ‘said’ a pronominal element (or noun) which will identify the demon, since the following words are specifically addressed to the unclean spirit. However, in the beginning of verse 9, asked him is probably better interpreted as being addressed to the man, even though the demons reply.
What is your name is rendered in a number of different ways in various languages, e.g. ‘how do you call yourself,’ ‘what name has been given to you,’ ‘what do people speak in calling you,’ and ‘what are you named.’
Legion has been treated in several different ways: (1) by transliteration, but this is usually quite meaningless, (2) by some reference to a number of soldiers, e.g. ‘many soldiers’ (Central Mazahua), ‘an army’ (Chicahuaxtla Triqui), ‘thousands of soldiers’ (Kekchi), and (3) by some word or phrase indicating a large crowd or group, e.g. ‘a multitude’ (Southern Bobo Madaré), ‘ten thousand’ (Batak Toba), ‘a crowd’ (Amganad Ifugao, Southern Subanen, South Bolivian Quechua), and ‘many’ (Guerrero Amuzgo). Either of these latter types of alternatives seems to be quite adequate.
For we are many may be ‘for there are many of us’ or ‘for our number is great.’
Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1961. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

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