cause to stumble, offend

“The word ‘offend’ as a translation of the Greek skandalizó seems to cause all sorts of trouble for translators. The difficulty is that the meaning of this word covers such a wide area. The basic meaning of the Greek is ‘to cause to stumble by putting some impediment in the way.’ The present central meaning of English ‘offend’ is often quite different. In some languages there is no metaphorical value in a translation ‘to cause someone to stumble.’ If the language permits no such metaphor, the translator should not attempt to force it. In Highland Totonac, the metaphor ‘to show the wrong road to’ is used in a manner almost exactly parallel to the Greek idiom.” (Source: Nida 1947)

In San Blas Kuna the translation is “spoil the heart” (source: Claudio and Marvel Iglesias in The Bible Translator 1951, p. 85ff.).

See also fall away, stumble.

inclusive vs. exclusive pronoun (Matt. 17:27)

Many languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns (“we”). (Click or tap here to see more details)

The inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (“you and I and possibly others”), while the exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (“he/she/they and I, but not you”). This grammatical distinction is called “clusivity.” While Semitic languages such as Hebrew or most Indo-European languages such as Greek or English do not make that distinction, translators of languages with that distinction have to make a choice every time they encounter “we” or a form thereof (in English: “we,” “our,” or “us”).

For this verse, translators typically select the inclusive form (including Peter).

Source: Velma Pickett and Florence Cowan in Notes on Translation January 1962, p. 1ff.

complete verse (Matthew 17:27)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 17:27:

  • Uma: “But even so, it is better that we (incl.) pay it anyway, so that they are not irritated [lit., their hearts are not little] at us (incl.). So, go to the lake and fish. Take the first fish that you catch. You (sing.) will find money in its mouth enough for the paying of the tax for the two of us (incl.). Take that money, and use-it-to-pay the tax of the House of God.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But it is not good when their livers are bad/they are angry at us (dual). Go to the lake and fish (with hook). Open the mouth of the first fish you catch and you will find money there enough to pay our (dual) tax in the temple. Take that money and go to the temple to pay our (dual) tax.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However it is not good that these collectors of the payment for the House of God got angry with us. Go to the lake and fish. And there in the mouth of the fish which you first catch, you will find some money. Take it and pay it for that which they are collecting from us (dual) for the House of God.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But we shouldn’t offend these people, so go fish (with hook and line) in the lake. The first that you (sing.) catch-with-hook, open its mouth and you (sing.) will see a coin that will suffice for what we (du) two will pay. Get it and go give it to them so that our (du) tax will be paid.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “However even though it’s like that,’ said Jesus, ‘so that there won’t be anything for them to say about us (incl.), go to the lake and fish-with-a-rod. Take hold of the first fish which bites. Open its mouth and there will be money there in its mouth. Take it for it will be just right to pay the payment for us two.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But now, so that the people will not get mad, go to the lake. Take a metal hook and fish. The first fish you catch, there in its mouth you will find the money inside. It will be enough for you to pay what they ask for me at the church and also what they ask from you.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

Translation commentary on Matthew 17:27

However, not to give offense to them is represented much more clearly in Good News Translation: “But we don’t want to offend these people.” Another rendering is “But we don’t want these people to be upset with us (or, because of us).” One may need to identify them (Good News Translation “these people”) as “these men who have come to collect the taxes,” “these people who are here with us,” or “these people who are not my disciples.”

Go to the sea and cast a hook is translated “go and cast a line in the lake” by New English Bible. New International Version has “go to the lake and throw out your line.” The Greek noun does have sea as its first meaning, but the body of water referred to here is Lake Galilee. To translate sea would imply for many readers the Mediterranean Sea, especially if they were not well acquainted with the geography of Palestine|fig:Map_Palestine-Jesus.jpg. “A line” (or “your line”) is much more idiomatic English than is the literal a hook. Of course, whether hook or “line” is used, some translators will have to add “for catching fish.” The instructions can be “Go down to the lake and throw out your fishing line” or “Go down to the lake with your line and catch a fish.”

A literal translation such as is found in Revised Standard Version and Barclay, take the first fish that comes up, may suggest voluntary action on the part of the fish. “Take the first fish that bites” (Jerusalem Bible), “Pull up the first fish you hook,” and “Take the first fish you catch” are more natural English expressions to describe catching fish.

When you open its mouth you will find a shekel will not be understood by the average English readers, who will not be familiar with a coin called shekel. Moreover, even if the reader should be familiar with shekel as the name of a coin, it is not likely that he would readily identify it as equal in value to two of the coins mentioned in verse 24. New English Bible has “silver coin,” which is indicated in the context to be of sufficient amount for the payment of the Temple tax for Jesus and Peter. Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch is able to use one word which means “assessment” or “tax amount”; Good News Translation qualifies shekel as “a coin worth enough for my Temple tax and yours.”

Take that and give it to them for me and for yourself is somewhat shortened in Good News Translation: “Take it and pay them our taxes”; Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch has “Take it and pay the assessment for both of us!”

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Stine, Philip C. A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1988. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .