The Hebrew that is translated as “offering” in English is translated in Venda as nduvho. J. A. van Rooy (in The Bible Translator 1974, p. 439ff. ) explains: “It is derived from the verb u luvha (‘to pay homage to; to acknowledge the superiority of; at the same time usually asking for a favour’). It is sometimes used as a synonym for ‘asking something from a chief. The noun nduvho means ‘a gift of allegiance,’ which corresponds closely with minchah (מִנְחָה) as ‘offering of allegiance.’ This term nduvho has in it the elements of subjugation, of reciprocity (asking for a favor), of being taken up into the same community as the chief in allegiance to him. Only the element of expiation is missing.”
In Northern Emberá, it is translated as “given to God freely.” (Source: Loewen 1980, p. 108)
The different Hebrew and Greek terms that are translated as “(olive) oil” and “(animal) fat” in English are translated in Kwere with only one term: mavuta. (Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
Verses 3-4 deal with the grain offerings that had to accompany the burnt offerings of the New Year Festival.
Also their cereal offering of fine flour mixed with oil: See 28.20. The pronoun their refers to the burnt offerings mentioned in the previous verse.
Three tenths of an ephah for the bull, two tenths for the ram, and one tenth for each of the seven lambs: See 28.12-13.
New Century Version provides the following helpful model for these two verses:
• 3 With the bull give a grain offering of six quarts of fine flour mixed with [olive] oil. With the male sheep offer four quarts, 4 and with each of the seven [male] lambs offer two quarts.
Quoted with permission from de Regt, Lénart J. and Wendland, Ernst R. A Handbook on Numbers. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2016. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
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