The Hebrew, Aramaic, Latin, and Greek that is translated in English typically as “obedience” or “obey” is translated in Tepeuxila Cuicatec as “thing hearing.” “For to hear is to obey.” (Source: Marjorie Davis in The Bible Translator 1952, p. 34ff. )
In Huba it is translated as hya nǝu nyacha: “follow (his) mouth.” (Source: David Frank in this blog post )
In Central Mazahua it is translated as “listen-obey” and in Huehuetla Tepehua as “believe-obey” (source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.), and in Noongar as dwangka-don, lit. “hear do” (source: Portions of the Holy Bible in the Nyunga language of Australia, 2018).
The Greek that is translated as “guileless as to what is evil” or similar in English is translated as “don’t let others deceive you so that you do evil” in Miahuatlán Zapotec, as “fear the bad life” in Huehuetla Tepehua, as “don’t be those who know sick words” in Chicahuaxtla Triqui, as “don’t get involved with evil” in Yatzachi Zapotec, and as “never do evil” in Central Tarahumara. (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
The Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek that is typically translated in English as “joy” or “happiness” is translated in the HausaCommon Language Ajami Bible idiomatically as farin ciki or “white stomach.” In some cases, such as in Genesis 29:11, it is also added for emphatic purposes.
Other languages that use the same expression include Southern Birifor (pʋpɛl), Dera (popolok awo), Reshe (ɾipo ɾipuhã). (Source: Andy Warren-Rothlin)
Following are a number of back-translations of Romans 16:19:
Uma: “But as for you, relatives, all people know how you submit to the teaching of God. I also am glad to hear about your behavior. My desire is that your hearts be clear [i.e., wise] to do good behavior, but [you] not do evil behavior.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “All people know that you remain/are steadfastly following/obeying the teaching of Isa Almasi. Therefore I am happy/joyful because of you. What I wish is that you are wise (deep knowledge) concerning knowing the good but concerning doing evil, really avoid it.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The news about your obeying the commands of God has spread abroad and this makes me very happy. It’s my desire that your skill in doing what is good, is great; and I also want that you have no skill at all in evil.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “I know, granted, that your obedience to Cristo is well-known in even far-away towns, so I am extremely-happy concerning you, but I nevertheless want you to be wise concerning what is good and at-the-same-time to have no wisdom concerning what is bad.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “All the believers know well that you believe the good news now. Therefore I rejoice very much about what you have done. Now I want to tell you that you must know well how you should do the good. Concerning the evil, do not do it.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Appetites (many translations) is literally “stomach.” Although a similar expression is used in Philippians 3.19, it is difficult to define precisely what Paul means by this phrase. An American Translation* rendered it by “base passions” and Moffatt by “base desires,” but some commentators understand it in the sense of undue concern with laws about what one can or cannot eat. Something of the parallelism between serving Christ our Lord and their own appetites may be indicated by “For those who do such things are not concerned with helping Christ our Lord; they are only concerned with what they should eat and what they should not eat.” One may also say: “… are not thinking about helping Christ our Lord, but are only thinking about what they should or should not eat.”
Fine words (New English Bible “smooth … words”; New American Bible “smooth … speech”) translates a word which appears only here in the New Testament. The reference is to speech that may sound reasonable or “plausible” (An American Translation*). By their fine words and flattering speech may be translated as “They use beautiful words and they flatter people; in this way they deceive.”
Minds is literally “hearts,” but in Semitic thought the heart was the seat of intellectual activity. In some languages deceive the minds of innocent people may be rendered as “mix up the hearts of people who have not experienced these evils.”
Paul uses two different words in verses 18 and 19, both of which are translated innocent by the Good News Translation. The Revised Standard Version translates the first of these terms by “simple-minded” (so An American Translation*), and the New English Bible translates the second by “simpletons.” Etymologically the two words are different, but they should be translated with essentially the same meaning. The first literally means “inexperienced as far as evil is concerned”—therefore innocent. The second literally means “unmixed,” and when followed by the phrase in what is evil, the construction means innocent in what is evil.
Your loyalty to the gospel may be translated as “how strongly you hold to the gospel” or “how well you obey the gospel.”
For this reason I am happy about you is rendered in some languages as “therefore you cause me to be happy.”
Wise about what is good may be rendered as “wise in knowing what is good.” In contrast with this, innocent in what is evil may be rendered as “innocent in doing what is evil” or “innocent as far as doing what is evil is concerned.”
Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on Paul’s Letter to the Romans. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1973. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
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