Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Genesis 4:9)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:9:

  • Kankanaey: “Thus it was that God said to Cain, ‘Where is your (sing.) younger-sibling Abel?’ ‘I- sure -don’t-know (and don’t care). Am I indeed the one who is responsible-for him?’ he said.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then the LORD said to Cain — ‘Where is your younger brother Abel?'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then the LORD asked Cain, ‘Where now is your sibling/(brother)?’ Cain replied, ‘I-have-no-idea, I do- not -know. Why, am I the-one-who-watches-over him?'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Later, even though Yahweh knew what Cain had done, he said to Cain, ‘Do you know where Abel, your younger brother, is?’ Cain replied, ‘No, I do not know. My job is not to guard my younger brother!/Am I supposed to take care of my younger brother?'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:10)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:10:

  • Kankanaey: “Whereupon God said, ‘Why did you (sing.) do that? I saw the blood of your (sing.) younger-sibling that flowed-down onto the soil, and it is like it requests to be revenged.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The LORD said — ‘What is this [that] you have done? Your younger brother’s blood has been giving voice to me from within the earth.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then the LORD said to Cain, ‘What have you done? The blood of your brother seems-like a voice that is-pleading that I punish the man who killed him.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Yahweh said, ‘You have done a terrible thing! So now it is as though your younger brother’s voice is crying to me from the ground, demanding that his death must be avenged.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:11:

  • Kankanaey: “Therefore the soil just the same will be the source of your (sing.) punishment, because it soaked up the blood of your (sing.) younger-sibling.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Now you will have to bear a greater curse than the earth. For this earth has opened its mouth to receive your younger brother’s blood from your hand.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Because of what-you-have-done, I am cursing you. From now on you can no longer farm on the land that absorbed/[lit. sipped] the blood of your sibling/(brother) whom you killed.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “You have killed your younger brother, and the ground has soaked up his blood. So now I will expel you from this land and curse your efforts to produce crops.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:12)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:12:

  • Kankanaey: “Starting-from now, if you (sing.) plant something in the soil, it will-be-stunted and produce-poorly (term connotes being cursed). You (sing.) will also have-to (lit. be-forced-to) keep-wandering-around continually on this earth, because you (sing.) will have no real home-land/town.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Even if you work the field, it will not give you grain. Having no fixed residence in the land, you will have to wander hither and thither.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Even if you plant, the land will- no-longer -produce-harvest for you. And you [will] no-longer have a permanent place-of-dwelling, so you will- now just anywhere -go.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “You will till the ground to plant crops, but the ground will produce very few crops. And you will continually wander around the earth, and not have any place to live permanently.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:13)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:13:

  • Kankanaey: “When Cain heard the punishment to which God had sentenced him, he said, ‘I can’t handle (lit. not capable-of) that punishment, because it is excessively heavy.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then Cain said to the LORD — ‘This is punishment that I am not able to endure.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Cain said to the LORD, ‘This is too heavy of a punishment for me.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Cain replied, ‘You are punishing me more then I can endure.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:14)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:14:

  • Kankanaey: “Here-you-go (particle of mild displeasure/surprise) removing me from the soil and I will also be separated from you (sing.). Neither will I have any real home-land/town, but rather I will keep-wandering-around continually on this earth. If moreover someone meets me, they will-kill-me.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Please look, today you have driven me out from this earth. I will have to be hidden from you. And [I] will have to live without a fixed residence. And anyone will be allowed to kill me.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You now drive- me -out from this land and from your presence. I no-longer have a permanent place-of-dwelling, so I will- now just anywhere -go. And if anyone finds/[lit. see] me surely he/she will-kill me.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “You are about to expel me from the ground that I have been cultivating, and I will no longer be able to come into your presence/and talk with you. Furthermore, I will be continually wandering around the earth with no place to live permanently, and anyone who sees me will kill me.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:15)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:15:

  • Kankanaey: “‘No, that’s just not so (lit. no + particle of remonstrance + particle of persuasive emphasis),’ said God, ‘because if someone kills you, it will be avenged with the lives of seven people.’ And-so he marked Cain so-that those who met him would not kill him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The LORD said — ‘It is not like that. Revenge will be taken seven times more on the one who kills Cain. So the LORD put a sign on his forehead so that no one would be able to kill him.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But the LORD said to Cain, ‘That will- not -happen to you! Because/For I tell you that whoever would kill you, I will-repay- [him] -back seven times.’ Therefore the LORD put-upon Cain a sign so-that he would- not -be-killed by anybody who would-see him.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “But Yahweh said to him, ‘No, that will not happen. I will put a mark on you to warn anyone who sees you that I will punish him severely if he kills you. I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you.’ Then Yahweh put a mark on Cain’s forehead.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:16)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:16:

  • Kankanaey: “Then Cain left from where- God -was and he went to Nod, a country/town more located-toward the coming-out of the sun than at Eden.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then, going out from the place of the LORD, he went to stay in the land called Nod which is toward the east of Eden.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then Cain went-far-away from the LORD and lived in the place of Nod, the eastern side of Eden.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “So Cain left Yahweh and went to live in the land called Nod, which means ‘wandering’, which was east of Eden.” (Source: Translation for Translators)