Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Genesis 4:17)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:17:

  • Kankanaey: “When that was so, Cain got-married and they gave-birth to a male whom they named Enok. Then he made a city, and he named- that city -with the name of their child Enok.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Cain had intercourse with his wife. And she conceived and gave birth to Enoch. Cain built a city. And he named it after his son Enoch.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Now/(discourse marker), Cain slept-with his wife. His wife became-pregnant and gave-birth to a male/(boy) and they named him Enoc. Cain built a town and named it Enoc just-like the name of his child.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Some time later, Cain had sex/slept with his wife, and she became pregnant and gave birth to a son, whom she named Enoch. Then Cain started to build a city, and he named the city ‘Enoch’, the same name that his son had.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:18:

  • Kankanaey: “Enok also got-married and he had a child who had-the-name Irad who was the father of Mehujael. Mehujael, he was the father of Metusael who was the parent (lit. child owner) of Lamek.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Irad was born to Enoch. Mehujael was born to Irad. Methushael was born to Mehujael. Lamech was born to Methushael.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Enoc also had a male child and his name was Irad. This Irad was the father of Mehuel; Mehuel was the father of Metushael; and Metushael was the father of Lamec.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Enoch grew up and married and became the father of a son whom he named Irad. When Irad grew up he became the father of a son whom he named Mehujael. Mehujael grew up and became the father of a son whom he named Methuselah. Methuselah grew up and became the father of Lamech.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:19)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:19:

  • Kankanaey: “Lamek had two spouses who were Ada and Zilla.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Lamech married two wives. The name of one was Adah and the name of the other was Zillah.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Lamec had two wives who were Ada and Zila.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “When Lamech grew up he married two women. The name of one was Adah and the other was Zillah.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:20)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:20:

  • Kankanaey: “Ada gave-birth-to Jabal who was the one who had-as-descendants those who breed-and-raise animals and who live in tents/tarps.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Jabal was born to Adah. He is the ancestor of those who live in tents and bring up animals.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Ada gave-birth to Jabal who was the ancestor/progenitor of those people who live in the tents, who take-care of the animals/(livestock).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Adah gave birth to a son she named Jabal.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:21)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:21:

  • Kankanaey: “Jubal was the younger-sibling of Jabal who had-as-descendants those who play guitars and nose-flute.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “His younger brother’s name was Jubal. He is the ancestor of those who play the lyre and the flute.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Jabal had a male sibling/(brother) whose name was Jubal, who is the ancestor/progenitor of all who play harp and flute.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Later, Jabal was the first person who lived in tents because he traveled from place to place to take care of livestock. His younger brother’s name was Jubal. He was the first person who made/played a lyre/stringed instrument and a flute.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:22)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:22:

  • Kankanaey: “Zilla also gave-birth and he was named Tubal Cain, and he for-his-part was the one who had-as-descendants those who blacksmith various-kinds of bronze and iron tools. There was a female sibling of Tubal Cain who had-the-name Naama.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Zillah gave birth to Tubal-Cain. He is the ancestor of those who make brass and iron tools. His younger sister was Naamah.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Zila also gave-birth to a male (son) named Tubal Cain. This Tubal Cain makes all kinds of tools from iron and bronze. He had a female sibling/(sister) named Naama.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Lamech’s other wife Zillah gave birth to a son whom she named Tubal-Cain. Later Tubal-Cain became a blacksmith/one who made tools from bronze and iron. Tubal-Cain had a younger sister whose name was Naamah.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:23)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:23:

  • Kankanaey: “On one-occasion, Lamek called his two spouses and he said to them singing, ‘You my spouses Ada and Zilla, listen please to this that I’m going to sing. There is a young-man who injured me, and-so I killed (him) taking-revenge.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Lamech boasted to his wives, saying — ‘Ada and Zillah, hear my words. Wives of Lamech, hear what I have to say. I killed a man because he lifted his hand against me. A young man who wounded me.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “One day back-then, Lamec said to his two wives, ‘Ada and Zila my wives, you (pl.) listen to me. I killed a young man for he hurt and wounded me.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “One day Lamech said to his two wives, ‘Adah and Zillah, listen carefully to what I am saying. A young man struck me and wounded me, so I killed him.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:24)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:24:

  • Kankanaey: “Cain, if someone kills him, he will-be-avenged with the lives of seven fellowmen, but I by-contrast, if they kill-me, seventy and seven will die. That’s definitely how-it-is.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If one who kills Cain will suffer seven-fold revenge, one who kills Lamech will suffer seventy-seven-fold revenge.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If seven times is the pay-back to the person who will-kill Cain, 77 times [will-be] the pay-back to the man who will-kill me.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Yahweh said long ago that he would avenge and punish anyone who killed Cain seven times as much as he punished Cain for killing his younger brother. So if anyone tries to kill me, I will punish him 77 times as much as Yahweh punished Cain.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)