Language-specific Insights

complete verse (John 19:32)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 19:32:

  • Uma: “so, the soldiers really went to break the legs of the two people who were crucified with Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Therefore the soldiers went there and broke first the lower-legs of the two companions of Isa nailed on the post.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “So he sent his soldiers, and they went there and they broke the legs of one of those who were nailed with Jesus. And then they broke the legs of the other.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “That being so, the soldiers went and fractured the legs of the two were who crucified (lit. crossed) with Jesus -in-the-middle.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Pilato consented, therefore the legs of those two who were there with Jesus were broken by the soldiers.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The soldiers went to break the legs of one person. Then they went to where Jesus was hanging and saw that he was already dead. Therefore they didn’t break his legs.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 19:33)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 19:33:

  • Uma: “But when they came to Yesus, they saw that he was already dead. So they did not end up breaking his legs after all.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But when they came close to Isa, they saw that he had already died, surprise, therefore they did not break his lower-legs.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And it was Jesus’ turn, they saw that he was dead already. Therefore they didn’t break his legs.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But when they arrived-at Jesus though, they didn’t fracture his legs, because they saw that he was already dead.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But when they came to Jesus, they saw that he was already dead, therefore they didn’t break his legs.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The soldiers went to break the legs of one person. Then they went to where Jesus was hanging and saw that he was already dead. Therefore they didn’t break his legs.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 19:34)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 19:34:

  • Uma: “But a soldier speared his side with his spear. When he was speared, blood and water came flowing out.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But one of the soldiers pierced with his spear the side of Isa. Immediately blood mixed with water flowed out.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However one of the soldiers, he pierced the side of Jesus with a spear, and there was that which flowed out, blood and water.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But there was one soldier, he stabbed his side with a spear and blood and water immediately-came-out.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “All that was done by one soldier was that he poked up with his spear into one side of Jesus. As the spear was pulled out, blood and water gushed.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But one of the soldiers nevertheless pierced Jesus’ side with a spear. There where it was pierced came out blood and water.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 19:35)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 19:35:

  • Ojitlán Chinantec: “I am John. I saw this happen. This testimony I know is true. Therefore I speak in order that you too, might believe.”
  • Huehuetla Tepehua: “Well, I am the one who saw it and I am the one who says what happened. And what I say is the truth, I’m sure. In this way, you also can believe.” (Source for this and above: M. Larson / B. Moore in Notes on Translation February 1970, p. 1-125.)
  • Uma: “The person who saw that happening, he is the one who says what he saw, so that you also believe. His words are true, and he really knows the truth.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “(The person who saw that happen to Isa, has written about this so that you believe. The person who wrote this is trustworthy and his testimony is true.)” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “I who am writing this, I testify that this is true because I saw it. I know that this which I write is true, and the reason I write it is so that you also might believe.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “This that happened, it is thoroughly to-be-believed, because that’s what was confirmed/verified by the one who saw it. He for-sure knows that what he said is true, and his purpose in saying it is that you will also believe.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The one who saw this is the one testifying so that you (pl.) will really believe. This which he is testifying is true. He really knows that this which he is telling is the truth.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I who wrote this have put down what I saw. And it is true what I say. I know that what I saw is true so that you also will believe.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 19:36)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 19:36:

  • Uma: “This happened to fulfill what was written long ago in the Holy Book that says: ‘Not one of his bones will be broken.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because of what happened there to Isa the writing in the holy-book came true. It says there, ‘None of his bones were/are broken not even one.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The reason this happened is because the prophecy in the written word was fulfilled which said, ‘Not one of his bones will be broken.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “These-things also happened in order to be-fulfilled what God caused-to-be-written that says, ‘Not even a single-one of his bones will be fractured,'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “These things came about so that what is contained there in the writings would be fulfilled which says, ‘There’s not even one of his bones which will be broken.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Because these things happened so that what is written in the Holy Book would happen. It says, ‘His bones will not be broken.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 19:37)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 19:37:

  • Uma: “There is also the word of the Holy Book that says: ‘They will look-up at the one who was speared long ago.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And there is also one verse written in the holy-book it says, ‘They look/looked at the person whom they had pierced.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “There is also a written prophecy which says, ‘They will gaze at the person whom they speared.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “and another also that he caused-to-be-written that says, ‘In-the-future they will see him whom they stabbed.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And it says too there in another section of the writing, ‘They will look at him whom they pierced.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Another part written in the Holy Book says, ‘He will be seen that his body was pierced.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 19:38)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 19:38:

  • Uma: “After that, there was a person named Yusuf, from the town of Arimatea. He believed quietly/secretly in Yesus, because he was afraid of the Yahudi rulers. When Yesus died, Yusuf went to Pilatus, and he asked for his body in order to bury it. Pilatus permitted him. So, Yusuf did go take Yesus’s.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then, there was a certain person from the place Arimati, his name was Yusup. This Yusup was also a disciple of Isa but he did not make it public because he was afraid of the leaders of the Yahudi. He went to Pilatus and he requested to fetch the body of Isa. Pilatus told him to do so therefore he went and took the body of Isa down from the post.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When this was finished, Joseph of Arimathea went to Pilate. (As for this Joseph, he was a disciple of Jesus, but secretly because he was afraid of the Jews.) He begged that he might get the body of Jesus, and Pilate allowed it, so Joseph went and got the body of Jesus and took it away.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When all these-things were finished, there was Jose from-Arimatea who went to Pilato to request Jesus’ corpse. This Jose, he believed in Jesus, but he didn’t make-it-known because he was afraid of the leaders of the Jews. Pilato gave-permission, so he went and got Jesus’ corpse.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Before long, there came to Pilato a person who was a taga Arimatea, his name being Jose. He was also a believer in Jesus, but he didn’t display it because he was afraid of his fellow Judio. He requested that he might get the body of Jesus to bury it. Pilato permitted him, therefore he went there and got it.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Afterwards a native of Arimathea named Joseph went to ask permission from Pilate to take down Jesus from the cross so as to entomb him. This Joseph also followed Jesus’ teaching even though he did not want his fellow Jews to know since he feared them. Pilate gave his permission. Joseph went and took the body of Jesus.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 19:39)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 19:39:

  • Uma: “With Yusuf, there was also Nikodemus, who visited Yesus at night one time. That Nikodemus carried fragrant things called mur and gaharu, about thirty kilos in weight.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Nikodemus went together with Yusup. He hep is the person who had gone to Isa in the night. Nikodemus brought two kinds of ointment called mira and alos mixed. It’s weight was about fifty kilos.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for Nicodemus, the one who visited Jesus on a certain night, he went along also. He brought fifty kilos of aloes perfume which was mixed with myrrh perfume.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Nicodemus the one who went to talk-with Jesus previously on a certain night went-along. Nicodemus, he took-along perfume made-from mixed-together gum/sap of myrrh (loan mirra) and aloes (loan aloe). Its weight, it was more than thirty kilos.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “He was accompanied by Nicodemo, taking a lot of perfume, more than thirty kilos. That was the person who had gone to Jesus having waited for night-time.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Also Nicodemus who has gone at night to speak with Jesus arrived bringing fifty kilos of mixed medicines of what is called myrrh and also what is called aloes.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)