Language-specific Insights

complete verse (John 20:22)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 20:22:

  • Uma: “After that, he blew on them with his breath/spirit and he said: ‘Receive the Holy Spirit.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “After he had spoken, he blew on/towards them and he said, ‘Receive (imp) now the Holy Spirit.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when he had said this, he blew on them and said, ‘May you be guided by the Holy Spirit.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then he blew/breathed on them and said, ‘Receive the Holy Spirit,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When he had said that, he blew on them and said, ‘You will now be able to receive the Espiritu Santo who will enter to indwell your body.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “He blew his breath at the learners and said, ‘Now you are accompanied by the Holy Spirit.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 20:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 20:23:

  • Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac: “If you forgive the sins of someone, he is no longer guilty; and if you do not forgive the sin of a person, he is still guilty.”
  • Ojitlán Chinantec: “Of all those whose sins you have forgiven, God says that their sins are forgiven. And of all whose sins you have not forgiven, they are not forgiven.”
  • Yatzachi Zapotec: “The people who repent of their sins, you have authority to tell them that they are blotted out. But the people who do not repent of their sins, you have authority to tell them that they are not blotted out.” (Source: M. Larson / B. Moore in Notes on Translation February 1970, p. 1-125.)
  • Uma: “The ones whose sins you forgive, God will forgive them. If you do not forgive their sins, God will not forgive them.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “If you forgive people their sins, God will also forgive their sins. If you do not forgive, God will also not forgive.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And because of this when you forgive anyone who has sinned, God will also forgive him. And if you don’t forgive him, neither will God forgive him.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “in order that whoever they are to whom you say that his sins are forgiven, God will already have-forgiven them. And whoever they are to whom you say that his sins are not forgiven, neither will God have-forgiven them.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Through his putting it in your minds, whoever you tell that their sins are forgiven, it’s certain they truly are forgiven. But those you tell that they have not been forgiven, it’s certain they indeed haven’t been forgiven.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “To whom you forgive sin is that one whom God has forgiven. To whom you do not forgive their sin are those whom God has not forgiven.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 20:24)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 20:24:

  • Uma: “Tomas, one of the twelve disciples of Yesus, who was nicknamed the Twin, was not with his companions when Yesus came.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “At the time when Isa appeared to his disciples Tomas was not there. This Tomas was one of the twelve disciples of Isa, his nickname was Twin.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for Thomas who is named ‘twin’, he was one of the twelve that Jesus chose. He was not there when Jesus appeared to them.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When Jesus appeared to his disciples, Tomas nicknamed Twin who was one of the twelve was not with them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “As for Tomas, who was called Twin, he was indeed included in those twelve disciples of Jesus. But he wasn’t there when Jesus went there that time.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Thomas was one of the learners and was the one called the twin. He hadn’t been there before when Jesus had come.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 20:25)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 20:25:

  • Uma: “That is why his companions continually said to him: ‘We(excl.) have seen the Lord!’ Tomas said: ‘If I have not-yet seen the nail-places on his hands and put my finger in those nail-places, and if I have not-yet put my hand in the spearing-place in his side, I definitely will not believe.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then they told Tomas, they said, ‘We (excl.) have seen our (incl.) Lord.’ But Tomas said, ‘If I do not see with these my two eyes and feel the scars of the nails in the palm of his hands and if I do not touch the scar in his side I will not believe.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Therefore his companion disciples told him, they said, ‘Our Lord has appeared to us.’ But Thomas said, ‘I cannot believe that he is raised from the dead if I do not see his hands wounded by the nails. And if I cannot stick my fingers into the wounds in his hands and in his side, I cannot believe.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “So afterwards the other disciples said to him, ‘We (excl.) have seen the Lord.’ But Tomas said, ‘If I don’t see and probe/feel his hands through-which-the nails -have-passed (lit. walked), and if I don’t also insert my finger into the wound in his side, I won’t believe what you say.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Therefore it was just related to him by those other disciples. They said, ‘We have emphatic seen the Lord/Chief again!’ When Tomas heard, he said, ‘Expl., I won’t believe that to be true unless I see where that nail went in his hand/arm, and be able to poke my finger there, and also put my hand there into his side.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The other learners said to him, ‘We have now seen the Lord.’ Thomas said, ‘As long as I have not seen for myself and have not seen his hands where the nails pierced, I won’t believe that he is alive. If I can touch with my finger where the nails pierced and touch his side where the spear went in, then I will believe.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 20:26)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 20:26:

  • Uma: “The next Sunday, the disciples gathered again in the house. At that time Tomas was also with them. All the doors were locked, but even so, suddenly Yesus arrived standing in their midst, he said to them: ‘Goodness come to you.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “When one week had gone by, the disciples of Isa gathered again in the house and Tomas was there now. The doors were locked but suddenly Isa stood in their midst and he said, ‘May you have peace in your liver.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Eight days after that the disciples of Jesus were gathered together again in that same house, and Thomas was also there. They had locked up the house again, but in spite of that Jesus suddenly stood there in the midst of them. He said, ‘May you be in peace.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “A week having passed-by then, Jesus’ disciples again gathered in the house, and Tomas was-there. It-was-bolted-from-the-inside, but Jesus suddenly-entered nevertheless and was-standing where they were. ‘May peace/calm be with you,’ he said to them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When one week had gone by, the disciples were gathered again inside the house. All of them now, even Tomas was there now. The doors were indeed shut tight. But they became aware that Jesus was now there inside, standing again right in the middle of them. He said to them, ‘Cause your mind/inner-being to be happy.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “After eight days the learners again got together in a house. This time Thomas was there. Although the door was closed, yet they saw Jesus standing there. He greeted them, saying, ‘Now be at peace in your hearts.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 20:27)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 20:27:

  • Uma: “After that, he said saying to Tomas: ‘Put your (sing.) finger here, and see the nail-places that are in my hand. Bring your (sing.) hand here, put it in the spearing-place in my side. Don’t be uncertain. Believe!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Then he said to Tomas, ‘Look at my hands. Feel. Stretch your hand out and touch the scar in my side. Do not doubt any longer. Really believe now.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And then he said to Thomas, ‘Stick your finger in here; your hand also, stick it here in my side. Look at my hands and no longer doubt, but rather believe.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then he said to Tomas, ‘Here are my hands, probe/feel-them. Stretch-out also your (sing.) hand to insert it into my side. Don’t doubt but rather believe (sing.).'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Then he said to Tomas, ‘Look at my hands, and poke your finger here in the wound where the nail went. Also put your hand here in my side. Don’t say it is lies any longer. Believe it now.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Thomas was then told, ‘Place your finger here and touch my hand. Put your hand here in my side where the spear went in. Do not doubt, believe.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 20:28)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 20:28:

  • Uma: “Tomas said: ‘My Lord! My God!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Tomas replied like this, ‘You are my Lord and you are my God.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then Thomas answered, ‘You are my Lord. You are my God.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Tomas said, ‘You (sing.) are my Lord and my God.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “All Tomas could say was, he said, ‘My Lord/Chief, my God!'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Thomas said, ‘Lord, your are my God.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (John 20:29)

Following are a number of back-translations of John 20:29:

  • Uma: “Yesus said saying to him: ‘You (sing.) believe because you (sing.) have seen me. Fortunate/blessed are the people who believe in me, even though they have not yet seen me.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Isa said to him, ‘The reason that you believe is because you have seen me now? Much good/blessing will come to those who believe in me even though they do not see me.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And Jesus said to him, ‘Have you believed just because you saw me? Far better are they who have not seen me but they believed in me.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then Jesus said, ‘Here-now you (sing.) believe because you (sing.) have seen me. Fortunate are they who even though they haven’t-seen-me (includes those who will not have seen him in the future), yet they believe nevertheless.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Jesus said to him next, ‘Well, you believe now because you have now seen me. But they will be really able to be happy who believe even though they haven’t seen me.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Jesus said to him, ‘Thomas. Now you believe because you yourself saw how it is. But fortunate are those who have not seen and believe.'” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)