bless(ed)

The Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and Aramaic that is translated into English as “(to) bless” or “blessed” is translated into a wide variety of possibilities.

The Hebrew term barak (and the Aramaic term berak) also (and originally) means “kneel” (a meaning which the word has retained — see Gen. 24:11) and can be used for God blessing people (or things), people blessing each other, or people blessing God. While English Bible translators have not seen a stumbling block in always using the same term (“bless” in its various forms), other languages need to make distinctions (see below).

In Bari, spoken in South Sudan, the connection between blessing and knees/legs is still apparent. For Genesis 30:30 (in English: “the Lord has blessed you wherever I turned”), Bari uses a common expression that says (much like the Hebrew), ‘… blessed you to my feet.'” (Source: P. Guillebaud in The Bible Translator 1965, p. 189ff. .)

Other examples for the translation of “bless” when God is the one who blesses include (click or tap here to see the rest of this insight):

  • “think well of” (San Blas Kuna)
  • “speak good to” (Amganad Ifugao)
  • “make happy” (Pohnpeian)
  • “cause-to-live-as-a-chief” (Zulu)
  • “sprinkle with a propitious (lit. cool) face” (a poetic expression occurring in the priests’ language) (Toraja Sa’dan) (source for this and above: Reiling / Swellengrebel)
  • “give good things” (Mairasi) (source: Enggavoter 2004)
  • “ask good” (Yakan) (source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • “praise, say good things” (Central Yupik) (source: Robert Bascom)
  • “greatly love” (Candoshi-Shapra) (source: John C. Tuggy)
  • “showing a good heart” (Kutu) (source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
  • “good luck — have — good fortune — have” (verbatim) ꓶꓼ ꓙꓳ ꓫꓱꓹ ꓙꓳ — ɯa dzho shes zho (Lisu). This construction follows a traditional four-couplet construct in oral Lisu poetry that is usually in the form ABAC or ABCB. (Source: Arrington 2020, p. 58)

In Tagbanwa a phrase is used for both the blessing done by people and God that back-translates to “caused to be pierced by words causing grace/favor” (source: Tagbanwa Back Translation).

Ixcatlán Mazatec had to select a separate term when relating “to people ‘blessing’ God” (or things of God): “praise(d)” or “give thanks for” (in 1 Cor. 10:16) (“as it is humans doing the ‘blessing’ and people do not bless the things of God or God himself the way God blesses people” — source: Robert Bascom). Eastern Bru and Kui also use “praise” for this a God-directed blessing (source: Bru back translation and Helen Evans in The Bible Translator 1954, p. 40ff. ) and Uma uses “appropriate/worthy to be worshipped” (source: Uma back translation).

When related to someone who is blessing someone else, it is translated into Tsou as “speak good hopes for.” In Waiwai it is translated as “may God be good and kind to you now.” (Sources: Peng Kuo-Wei for Tsou and Robert Hawkins in The Bible Translator 1962, pp. 164ff. for Waiwai.)

Some languages associate an expression that originally means “spitting” or “saliva” with blessing. The Bantu language Koonzime, for instance, uses that expression for “blessing” in their translation coming from either God or man. Traditionally, the term was used in an application of blessing by an aged superior upon a younger inferior, often in relation to a desire for fertility, or in a ritualistic, but not actually performed spitting past the back of the hand. The spitting of saliva has the effect of giving that person “tenderness of face,” which can be translated as “blessedness.” (Source: Keith Beavon)

Martin Ehrensvärd, one of the translators for the Danish Bibelen 2020, comments on the translation of this term: “As for ‘blessing’, in the end we in most instances actually kept the word, after initially preferring the expression ‘giving life strength’. The backlash against dropping the word blessing was too hard. But we would often add a few words to help the reader understand what the word means in a given context — people often understand it to refer more to a spiritual connection with God, but in the Hebrew texts, it usually has to do with material things or good health or many children. So when e.g. in Isaiah 19:25 the Hebrew text says ‘God bless them’, we say ‘God bless them’ and we add: ‘and give them strength’. ‘And give them strength’ is not found in the overt Hebrew text, but we are again making explicit what we believe is the meaning so as to avoid misunderstanding.” (Source: Ehrensvärd in HIPHIL Novum 8/2023, p. 81ff. )

See also bless (food and drink), blessed (Christ in Mark 11:9), and I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse.

See also “Blessed by ‘The Blessing’ in the World’s Indigenous Languages” and Multilingual version of “The Blessing” based on Numbers 6:24-26 .

complete verse (Genesis 27:4)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 27:4:

  • Kankanaey: “Isaac in-return said, ‘Take that bow-and-arrow- of yours (sing.) so-that you (sing.) will go and hunt so-that then you (sing.) will cook the kind of meat-viand that I like-very-much. When I-have-eaten then, I will then bless you (sing.), because I am already old and my death is probably near.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then having prepared it tastily bring it and feed [it] to me. I will leave you [my] blessing before I die.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then, cook-for me my favorite food and you (sing.) bring-(it) to me right-away for I will-eat-(it). Afterwards, I will-bless you while I am- not -dead yet.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Kill one and prepare the kind of tasty meat that I like. Then bring it to me so that after I eat it, I can give you a blessing before I die.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Genesis 27:4

Prepare for me savory food: Esau is to kill the animal and butcher it and cook the meat to suit his father’s taste. Prepare is used in relation to the meal, and so “cook” (Good News Translation). Savory, which is used six times in this chapter, refers to food that is especially tasteful, appetizing, pleasant to eat. In some languages the verb meaning “cook” differs according to the type of food being cooked.

Such as I love: Hebrew does not distinguish between English “like” and “love.” In some languages it may be necessary to say “which I love to eat.” In other languages this thought is commonly expressed idiomatically; for example, “food that makes my stomach joyful,” “the kind that warms my innermost.”

That I may eat: that is, “so I can eat it.”

That I may bless you before I die is literally “that my soul may bless you before….” “My soul” is the use of the Hebrew nefesh in place of the first person singular pronoun. Isaac does not mean that his soul will bless Esau, but that he himself will bless him. See Good News Translation. Some interpreters take “soul” here to be more than a mere substitute for “I,” taking it as expressing a personal element in relation to the blessing. So Speiser says “That I may give you my very own blessing,” and New Jerusalem Bible “That I may give you my innermost blessing.”

Bless translates the common Hebrew word used of God blessing the sea creatures in 1.22, of God blessing Abraham in 12.2, and of Melchizedek blessing Abraham in 14.19. The blessing given by the dying father is a solemn declaration that transfers property rights and the authority of the father to the one receiving the blessing. Isaac’s final blessing is particularly important in that it confers upon the receiver the promise made by the LORD to give the land to Abraham and his descendants. The transfer of the blessing is a final and unchangeable act. It cannot be undone even by Isaac himself.

In other contexts the Handbook has suggested translating bless by means of such expressions as “God was good to,” “God looked with favor on,” “gave good gifts to.” As in such passages as 1.22, 28; 2.3; 12.2, 3; 14.19, here also God is the one who grants the blessing, and the one who receives it is benefitted. Here, however, Isaac is the agent, the one who transfers to his son the special status and promise of the land he has received from God through Abraham.

In many languages there are special terms or expressions for the formal declarations of old people who know they are near the end of their lives; and this applies in particular to declarations about inheritance that are made in this situation. Some examples of the way bless you before I die has been translated are “I will bless you with my last word,” “I will give you my last blessing and then I can die,” and making the element of inheritance quite clear, “I will give you my last word and hand over everything I own to you before I die.”

Quoted with permission from Reyburn, William D. and Fry, Euan McG. A Handbook on Genesis. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1997. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .