The Greek that is translated in English as “brothers, up to this day I have lived my life with a clear conscience before God” or similar is translated in Uma as “My relatives! My heart is chicken-egg smooth! Until this day, I consider that there is no fault of mine in God’s sight.” (Ni kwityabwe e, minob aryi kuboka arub ababyi nira Er Imtamnyi biryi arungsurur to nirya kununun. Ara, ni kanya dam aryi, ‘Malyi kun dinyi nirya bai donokman,’ tenen bikdandoka kununun ati ebman.).
“There is no specific term in Uma for ‘conscience,’ (see also conscience) so this idiom of saying that one’s heart is ‘chicken-egg smooth’ explains the meaning in an idiomatic way.” (Source: Kroneman 2004, p. 502)
Orthodox Icons are not drawings or creations of imagination. They are in fact writings of things not of this world. Icons can represent our Lord Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the Saints. They can also represent the Holy Trinity, Angels, the Heavenly hosts, and even events. Orthodox icons, unlike Western pictures, change the perspective and form of the image so that it is not naturalistic. This is done so that we can look beyond appearances of the world, and instead look to the spiritual truth of the holy person or event. (Source )
The term that is transliterated as “Paul” in English is translated in American Sign Language with a sign that signifies the many letters he wrote. (Source: RuthAnna Spooner, Ron Lawer)
“Paul” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor
In Spanish Sign Language it is translated with a sign depicting putting away a sword, referring to his conversion from a persecutor of Christians to a Christian leader. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
The Greek that is translated in English as “brother” (in the sense of a fellow believer), is translated with a specifically coined word in Kachin: “There are two terms for brother in Kachin. One is used to refer to a Christian brother. This term combines ‘older and younger brother.’ The other term is used specifically for addressing siblings. When one uses this term, one must specify if the older or younger person is involved. A parallel system exists for ‘sister’ as well. In [these verses], the term for ‘a Christian brother’ is used.” (Source: Gam Seng Shae)
In Martu Wangka it is translated as “relative” (this is also the term that is used for “follower.”) (Source: Carl Gross)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 23:1:
Uma: “When Paulus arrived at the gathering, he looked at all those judges, he said to them: ‘My relatives! My heart is clean/smooth like an egg [i.e., sincere]! Until this day, I consider that there is no wrong of mine in God’s sight.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “So-then Paul looked straight/steadily at the council members and he said to them, ‘My brothers, in my mind, there is really nothing in my behavior that is wrong before God in the past or at present (lit. since before and until now).'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And as for Paul, he stared at the gathered elders, and he said, ‘Brothers, there is no spot on my reputation before God, even until today.'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Pablo looked-intently-at them and said, ‘Brothers, God knows that my mind/thoughts are clean concerning the way I have served him starting-from back then until now.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Pablo looked straight at those members of the Sanedrin, and then spoke. ‘My fellow-Jews,’ he said, ‘for all of my life, from the past until now, all I have been doing is what I thought was good in the sight of God.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
The name that is transliterated as “David” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with the sign signifying king and a sling (referring to 1 Samuel 17:49 and 2 Samuel 5:4). (Source: John Elwode in The Bible Translator 2008, p. 78ff.)
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